Trial reportAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology2009
Mass spectrometric analysis of biomarkers and dilution markers in exhaled breath condensate reveals elevated purines in asthma and cystic fibrosis.
Trial report in American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of airway clearance therapies on mucociliary clearance in adults with cystic fibrosis: A randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Exhaled breath condensate adenosine tracks lung function changes in cystic fibrosis.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2013Trial
- The association of newborn metabolites with early-life wheezing and asthma among US children in the ECHO Program.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Metabolomic Approaches to Lung Function in Pediatric Asthma: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Metabolomics in Childhood Asthma - a Promising Tool to Meet Various Clinical Needs.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- Exhaled Breath Analysis: From Laboratory Test to Wearable Sensing.IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- The Non-Invasive Detection of Pulmonary Exacerbations in Disorders of Mucociliary Clearance with Breath Analysis: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Ivy Leaf Dry Extract EA 575International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A new method for investigating bioequivalence of inhaled formulations: A pilot study on salbutamol.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2023Article
- Article
- Extracellular cAMP-Adenosine Pathway Signaling: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Breathomics in Asthmatic Children Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids.Metabolites · 2020Article
- Detection of Tuberculosis by The Analysis of Exhaled Breath Particles with High-resolution Mass Spectrometry.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and inhaled salbutamol and tobramycin: An exploratory study to investigate the potential of exhaled breath condensate as a matrix for pharmacokinetic analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Article
- Predicting childhood asthma development: are early life metabolite levels the philosopher's stone to unlock the puzzle?Pediatric research · 2018Article
- Evolution of ARDS biomarkers: Will metabolomics be the answer?American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2018Review
- A feasibility study into adenosine triphosphate measurement in exhaled breath condensate: a potential bedside method to monitor alveolar deformation.Purinergic signalling · 2018Observational
- A review of metabolomics approaches and their application in identifying causal pathways of childhood asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2018Review
- Transition and post-transition metals in exhaled breath condensate.Journal of breath research · 2018Review
- Loss of β Epithelial Sodium Channel Function in Meibomian Glands Produces Pseudohypoaldosteronism 1-Like Ocular Disease in Mice.The American journal of pathology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analyses promise simple and noninvasive methods to measure airway biomarkers but pose considerable methodological challenges. We utilized mass spectrometry to measure EBC purine biomarkers adenosine and AMP plus urea to control for dilutional variability in two studies: 1) a cross-sectional analysis of 28 healthy, 40 cystic fibrosis (CF), and 11 asthmatic children; and 2) a longitudinal analysis of 26 CF children before and after treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation. EBC adenosine, AMP, and urea were readily detected and quantified by mass spectrometry, and analysis suggested significant dilutional variability. Using biomarker-to-urea ratios to control for dilution, the EBC AMP-to-urea ratio was elevated in CF [median 1.3, interquartile range (IQR) 0.7-2.3] vs. control (median 0.75, IQR 0.3-1.4; P < 0.05), and the adenosine-to-urea ratio was elevated in asthma (median 1.5, IQR 0.9-2.9) vs. control (median 0.4, IQR 0.2-1.6; P < 0.05). Changes in EBC purine-to-urea ratios correlated with changes in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) (r = -0.53 AMP/urea, r = -0.55 adenosine/urea; P < 0.01 for both) after CF exacerbation treatment. Similar results were observed using dilution factors calculated from serum-to-EBC urea ratios or EBC electrolytes, and the comparable ratios of EBC electrolytes to urea in CF and control (median 3.2, IQR 1.6-6.0 CF; median 5.5, IQR 1.4-7.7 control) validated use of airway urea as an EBC dilution marker. These results show that mass spectrometric analyses can be applied to measurement of purines in EBC and demonstrate that EBC adenosine-to-urea and AMP-to-urea ratios are potential noninvasive biomarkers of airways disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.