ReviewAnnual review of immunology2009
Immune and inflammatory mechanisms of atherosclerosis (*).
Review in Annual review of immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01337947 (The Impact of Fitness on Vascular Dysfunction in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 674 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Impact of Fitness on Vascular Dysfunction in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Who cites it
674 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,423 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis of Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data Reveals the Mechanism of Formation and Heterogeneity of Tertiary Lymphoid Organ in Vascular Disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2023Pooled it
- Pericoronary fat attenuation index-a new imaging biomarker and its diagnostic and prognostic utility: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging · 2022Pooled it
- The use of colchicine as an anti-inflammatory agent for stroke prevention in patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2022Pooled it
- A Comprehensive Survey of the Relationship betweenArchives of Iranian medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Immunomodulatory roles of the HLA family and B2M in atherosclerosis: Diagnostic biomarkers and thrombosis risk.Medicine · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Redox Failure Links Senescence-like Foam Cell Stress to Ferroptosis and Plaque Non-Resolution in Atherosclerosis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Divergent Immune and Endothelial Responses to Insulin Resistance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis: What They Teach Us, What They Miss, and When to Use Them.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Plant Growth Regulator Forchlorfenuron (KT-30) Drives Atherosclerosis Progression via Lipid Homeostasis Disruption: Evidence from ApoE-Deficient Mice.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Stress: A Historical Review.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Context-dependent regulation of endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis by endothelial microRNA-33.Atherosclerosis · 2026Article
- miR-146a-5p mediates atherogenic signalling from immune to vascular cells.Cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- Metabolic Pathways Linking Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Myeloid monoamine oxidase A protects against glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and weight gain in high-fat diet-fed mice by preventing the hyperactivation of macrophages.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2026Article
- Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Atherosclerosis: A Review of Natural Products and Their Molecular Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Endothelial JAML inhibits inflammation and atherosclerosis through TRIM25-mediated STAT1 ubiquitination.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Cerebrovascular Risk Factors for Body Mass Index, Diabetes, and Atherosclerosis in a Wisconsin Native American Population: A Cross-Sectional Observation Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Thrombin Generation Induced by Complement Component C1q Interaction With the Receptor for the Globular Head of C1q on Adventitial Fibroblasts and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Article
614 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the wall of large- and medium-sized arteries that is precipitated by elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood. Although dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphocytes are found in the adventitia of normal arteries, their number is greatly expanded and their distribution changed in human and mouse atherosclerotic arteries. Macrophages, DCs, foam cells, lymphocytes, and other inflammatory cells are found in the intimal atherosclerotic lesions. Beneath these lesions, adventitial leukocytes organize in clusters that resemble tertiary lymphoid tissues. Experimental interventions can reduce the number of available blood monocytes, from which macrophages and most DCs and foam cells are derived, and reduce atherosclerotic lesion burden without altering blood lipids. Under proatherogenic conditions, nitric oxide production from endothelial cells is reduced and the burden of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glycation end products (AGE) is increased. Incapacitating ROS-generating NADPH oxidase or the receptor for AGE (RAGE) has beneficial effects. Targeting inflammatory adhesion molecules also reduces atherosclerosis. Conversely, removing or blocking IL-10 or TGF-beta accelerates atherosclerosis. Regulatory T cells and B1 cells secreting natural antibodies are atheroprotective. This review summarizes our current understanding of inflammatory and immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.