ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2009
Methylation regulates hepatitis B viral protein expression.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- The immunoecology of occult hepatitis B virus infection: genetic remodeling and the immune-mediated microcosm.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Evolutionary interplay between viruses and R-loops.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- Applications of CRISPR/Cas as a Toolbox for Hepatitis B Virus Detection and Therapeutics.Viruses · 2024Review
- Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) methylcytosine dioxygenase-dependent viral DNA demethylation mediatesJournal of virology · 2024Article
- Novel Approaches to Inhibition of HBsAg Expression from cccDNA and Chromosomal Integrants: A Review.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2023Review
- Gene Editing Technologies to Target HBV cccDNA.Viruses · 2022Review
- Research Progress on the Mechanism of Persistent Low-Level HBsAg Expression in the Serum of Patients with Chronic HBV Infection.Journal of immunology research · 2022Review
- Methylation profile of hepatitis B virus is not influenced by interferon α in human liver cancer cells.Molecular medicine reports · 2021Article
- Mechanisms of DNA Methylation in Virus-Host Interaction in Hepatitis B Infection: Pathogenesis and Oncogenetic Properties.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Silencing hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA: The potential of an epigenetic therapy approach.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Replenishment of Hepatitis B Virus cccDNA Pool Is Restricted by Baseline Expression of Host Restriction Factors In Vitro.Microorganisms · 2019Article
- HBV cccDNA and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2019Review
- Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Stimulates Virus Replication Via DNA Methylation of the C-1619 in Covalently Closed Circular DNA.Molecules and cells · 2019Article
- Review
- Differences in Cpg Island Distribution Between Subgenotypes of the Hepatitis B Virus Genotype.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2018Article
- Transbody against virus core protein potently inhibits hepadnavirus replication in vivo: evidence from a duck model of hepatitis B virus.British journal of pharmacology · 2017Article
- Transgenic hepatitis B: a new model of HBV infection.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Hepatic deficiency of the pioneer transcription factor FoxA restricts hepatitis B virus biosynthesis by the developmental regulation of viral DNA methylation.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Update on occult hepatitis B virus infection.World journal of gastroenterology · 2016Review
- Establishment of an inducible HBV stable cell line that expresses cccDNA-dependent epitope-tagged HBeAg for screening of cccDNA modulators.Antiviral research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA has been shown to contain CpG islands that are methylated in human tissue, which suggests a role for methylation in regulating viral protein production. However, data are lacking about whether methylation regulates viral gene expression.
methodsTo investigate the hypothesis that methylation of viral DNA regulates viral gene expression, unmethylated, partially methylated, and fully methylated viral DNA was transfected into HepG2 cells. In addition, a new assay was designed that specifically identifies methylated covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in human liver tissue.
resultsTransfection of methylated HBV DNA led to reduced HBV mRNA levels in HepG2 cells, decreased surface and core protein expression in these cells, and decreased secretion of HBV viral proteins into the cell supernatant. These data provide direct evidence that CpG islands regulate gene transcription of HBV. Furthermore, methylated cccDNA was found in tumor and nonneoplastic human liver tissues. Finally, an in vitro equivalent of cccDNA showed decreased viral protein production in HepG2 cells after DNA methylation.
conclusionTaken together, these data demonstrate that methylation of viral CpG islands can regulate viral protein production.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.