ArticleEndocrinology2009
Hypermethylation of homeobox A10 by in utero diethylstilbestrol exposure: an epigenetic mechanism for altered developmental programming.
Article in Endocrinology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 188 citations in OpenAlex.
- In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol and blood DNA methylation in adult women: Results from a meta-analysis of two cohort studies.Environmental research · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Epigenetic resensitization to platinum in ovarian cancer.Cancer research · 2012Trial
- Precision Therapeutic and Preventive Molecular Strategies for Endometriosis-Associated Infertility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- DNA Methylation: A Key Regulator in Male and Female Reproductive Outcomes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Decoding Müllerian Duct Epithelial Regionalization.Molecular reproduction and development · 2025Review
- The Role of Genistein in Mammalian Reproduction.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol has long-lasting, transgenerational impacts on fertility and reproductive development.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Article
- The steroid hormone estriol (EBMC biology · 2022Article
- The Embryological Landscape of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome: Genetics and Environmental Factors.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2021Review
- Are the Effects of DES Over? A Tragic Lesson from the Past.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Multigenerational endometriosis : consequence of fetal exposure to diethylstilbestrol ?Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Article
- Developmental Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Its Impact on Cardio-Metabolic-Renal Health.Frontiers in toxicology · 2021Review
- Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-mediated coregulator binding and gene expression discriminates the toxic ERα agonist diethylstilbestrol (DES) from the endogenous ERα agonist 17β-estradiol (E2).Cell biology and toxicology · 2020Article
- DDT exposure during pregnancy and DNA methylation alterations in female offspring in the Child Health and Development Study.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- The Promises and Challenges of Toxico-Epigenomics: Environmental Chemicals and Their Impacts on the Epigenome.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- Review
- The Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: Molecular and Cell Biology Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Proposed Key Characteristics of Female Reproductive Toxicants as an Approach for Organizing and Evaluating Mechanistic Data in Hazard Assessment.Environmental health perspectives · 2019Article
- Prenatal epigenetics diets play protective roles against environmental pollution.Clinical epigenetics · 2019Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a nonsteroidal estrogen that induces developmental anomalies of the female reproductive tract. The homeobox gene HOXA10 controls uterine organogenesis, and its expression is altered after in utero DES exposure. We hypothesized that an epigenetic mechanism underlies DES-mediated alterations in HOXA10 expression. We analyzed the expression pattern and methylation profile of HOXA10 after DES exposure. Expression of HOXA10 is increased in human endometrial cells after DES exposure, whereas Hoxa10 expression is repressed and shifted caudally from its normal location in mice exposed in utero. Cytosine guanine dinucleotide methylation frequency in the Hoxa10 intron was higher in DES-exposed offspring compared with controls (P = 0.017). The methylation level of Hoxa10 was also higher in the caudal portion of the uterus after DES exposure at the promoter and intron (P < 0.01). These changes were accompanied by increased expression of DNA methyltransferases 1 and 3b. No changes in methylation were observed after in vitro or adult DES exposure. DES has a dual mechanism of action as an endocrine disruptor; DES functions as a classical estrogen and directly stimulates HOXA10 expression with short-term exposure, however, in utero exposure results in hypermethylation of the HOXA10 gene and long-term altered HOXA10 expression. We identify hypermethylation as a novel mechanism of DES-induced altered developmental programming.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.