Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2009
Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,449 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
MR Image Guided Focal Therapy in Prostate Cancer
Phase II Clinical Trial to Study the Feasibility and Safety of the Expanded Autologous Stem Cells Use Derived From Adipose Tissue (e-ASC) for the Local Urinary Incontinence After a Radical Prostate Cancer Surgery
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of MRI Versus PSA for Prostate Cancer Screening: The MVP Study (MRI vs PSA)
The Use of MRI Prostate in Improving Detection of Significant Prostate Cancer in a Screening Population of Chinese Men With Elevated PSA
Delayed Pelvic Imaging With [68]Ga-PSMA PET/CT in a Patient With High-risk Prostate Cancer.
Who cites it
1,449 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3,992 citations in OpenAlex.
- Empirically derived dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts.European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) · 2026Pooled it
- Natural history of untreated prostate cancer: a comprehensive review of long-term progression patterns and survival outcomes.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Risk calculators for the detection of prostate cancer: a systematic review.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Genetically adjusted PSA levels for prostate cancer screening.Nature medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Application and optimization of prostate-specific antigen screening strategy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Does testosterone mediate the relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer progression? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Pooled it
- Cancer detection in the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC).BJU international · 2026Trial
- Impact of leuprolide and goserelin on androgen suppression and adverse events in patients with prostate cancer.The Canadian journal of urology · 2026Trial
- Comparing the effectiveness of prostate cancer screening protocols: European Association of Urology- and European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer-based strategies.International journal of cancer · 2026Trial
- Exploring motivations and barriers in prostate cancer screening: lessons from a volunteer-based MRI screening study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Relationship Between Baseline Prostate-specific Antigen on Cancer Detection and Prostate Cancer Death: Long-term Follow-up from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer.European urology · 2023Trial
- Prostate Cancer Screening with PSA and MRI Followed by Targeted Biopsy Only.The New England journal of medicine · 2022Trial
- Prostate MRI versus PSA screening for prostate cancer detection (the MVP Study): a randomised clinical trial.BMJ open · 2022Trial
- Results from 22 years of Followup in the Göteborg Randomized Population-Based Prostate Cancer Screening Trial.The Journal of urology · 2022Trial
- European Cancer Prevention Organization on cancer screening: an expert panel position paper.European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) · 2026Article
- Comparing diagnostic prostate cancer biomarkers using a framework of clinically meaningful criteria.BJUI compass · 2026Article
- Mapping the readiness landscape for prostate cancer screening in Europe: analysis of health system capacity across the PRAISE-U pilots.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Prostate Cancer Mortality in Men not Attending a Population-based Screening Program: The 'Good', the 'Bad', and the 'Ugly' After 20-yr Follow-up in the European Randomised study of Screening for Prostate Cancer.European urology open science · 2026Article
- Context-dependent role of digital rectal examination in a contemporary prostate biopsy cohort: differential predictive value with and without multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging.Prostate international · 2026Article
1,389 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
24 authors at 11 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer was initiated in the early 1990s to evaluate the effect of screening with prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) testing on death rates from prostate cancer.
methodsWe identified 182,000 men between the ages of 50 and 74 years through registries in seven European countries for inclusion in our study. The men were randomly assigned to a group that was offered PSA screening at an average of once every 4 years or to a control group that did not receive such screening. The predefined core age group for this study included 162,243 men between the ages of 55 and 69 years. The primary outcome was the rate of death from prostate cancer. Mortality follow-up was identical for the two study groups and ended on December 31, 2006.
resultsIn the screening group, 82% of men accepted at least one offer of screening. During a median follow-up of 9 years, the cumulative incidence of prostate cancer was 8.2% in the screening group and 4.8% in the control group. The rate ratio for death from prostate cancer in the screening group, as compared with the control group, was 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.98; adjusted P=0.04). The absolute risk difference was 0.71 death per 1000 men. This means that 1410 men would need to be screened and 48 additional cases of prostate cancer would need to be treated to prevent one death from prostate cancer. The analysis of men who were actually screened during the first round (excluding subjects with noncompliance) provided a rate ratio for death from prostate cancer of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.90).
conclusionsPSA-based screening reduced the rate of death from prostate cancer by 20% but was associated with a high risk of overdiagnosis. (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN49127736.)
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.