ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2009
High quality care and ethical pay-for-performance: a Society of General Internal Medicine policy analysis.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Performance-based payment models and value-based health care: a semi-systematic review through theoretical lenses.Frontiers in health services · 2026Pooled it
- Institutional financial incentives in healthcare: a review of normative considerations.BMC medical ethics · 2025Pooled it
- A mixed-method study on physicians' perceptions of pay for performance: impact on professionalism, morality and work-life balance.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Provider Perspectives on Quality Payment Programs Targeting Diabetes in Primary Care Settings.Population health management · 2019Article
- Unintended consequences and challenges of quality measurements in dentistry.BMC oral health · 2019Article
- Ethical Issues in the Design and Implementation of Population Health Programs.Journal of general internal medicine · 2018Review
- Supporting Patient Behavior Change: Approaches Used by Primary Care Clinicians Whose Patients Have an Increase in Activation Levels.Annals of family medicine · 2016Article
- The patient-centered medical home: an ethical analysis of principles and practice.Journal of general internal medicine · 2013Article
- It's NOT FAIR! Or is it? The promise and the tyranny of evidence-based performance assessment.Theoretical medicine and bioethics · 2012Article
- The effect of Phase 2 of the Premier Hospital Quality Incentive Demonstration on incentive payments to hospitals caring for disadvantaged patients.Health services research · 2012Article
- Five years before the masthead: our journey with the Journal of General Internal Medicine.Journal of general internal medicine · 2009Article
- High quality care and ethical pay-for-performance: a Society of General Internal Medicine policy analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2009Article
- The SGIM policy analysis: supporting the generalist voice for participation in policymaking.Journal of general internal medicine · 2009Article
- The risks of rewards in health care: how pay-for-performance could threaten, or bolster, medical professionalism.Journal of general internal medicine · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPay-for-performance is proliferating, yet its impact on key stakeholders remains uncertain.
objectiveThe Society of General Internal Medicine systematically evaluated ethical issues raised by performance-based physician compensation.
resultsWe conclude that current arrangements are based on fundamentally acceptable ethical principles, but are guided by an incomplete understanding of health-care quality. Furthermore, their implementation without evidence of safety and efficacy is ethically precarious because of potential risks to stakeholders, especially vulnerable patients.
conclusionWe propose four major strategies to transition from risky pay-for-performance systems to ethical performance-based physician compensation and high quality care. These include implementing safeguards within current pay-for-performance systems, reaching consensus regarding the obligations of key stakeholders in improving health-care quality, developing valid and comprehensive measures of health-care quality, and utilizing a cautious evaluative approach in creating the next generation of compensation systems that reward genuine quality.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.