ArticleBlood2009
Cortisol and epinephrine control opposing circadian rhythms in T cell subsets.
Article in Blood, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 168 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
168 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 350 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Time-of-Day Immunotherapy Administration and Outcomes in Advanced Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Sleep Disturbances, Fatigue and Immune Markers in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, a Systematic Review.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
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- Differential effects of endurance, interval, and resistance training on telomerase activity and telomere length in a randomized, controlled study.European heart journal · 2019Trial
- Rapid and selective mobilization of specific stem cell types after consumption of a polyphenol-rich extract from sea buckthorn berries (Clinical interventions in aging · 2019Trial
- Calcineurin inhibitors differentially alter the circadian rhythm of T-cell functionality in transplant recipients.Journal of translational medicine · 2015Trial
- Mineralocorticoid receptor signaling reduces numbers of circulating human naïve T cells and increases their CD62L, CCR7, and CXCR4 expression.European journal of immunology · 2014Trial
- Exercise-induced norepinephrine decreases circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell colony-forming capacity.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Antioxidant bioavailability and rapid immune-modulating effects after consumption of a single acute dose of a high-metabolite yeast immunogen: results of a placebo-controlled double-blinded crossover pilot study.Journal of medicinal food · 2011Trial
- Chrono-immunotherapy in genitourinary oncology: From emerging evidence to clinical translation (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Circadian rhythm of dendritic cells directs the time-dependent efficacy of photodynamic therapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Circadian rhythm-guided cellular therapy in hematologic malignancies: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and optimization strategies.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Article
- Time-of-day of first checkpoint inhibitor dose influences clinical outcomes and immune responses in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Adrenaline restores Bmal1 transcriptional rhythms dampened by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Cthrc1-positive pulmonary fibroblasts derived from the Nile grass rat.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 mediates diurnal changes in the aggregation and dispersion of CD8International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Altered peripheral CRY1 gene expression may contribute to both organic and functional gastrointestinal disease.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
108 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pronounced circadian rhythms in numbers of circulating T cells reflect a systemic control of adaptive immunity whose mechanisms are obscure. Here, we show that circadian variations in T cell subpopulations in human blood are differentially regulated via release of cortisol and catecholamines. Within the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets, naive cells show pronounced circadian rhythms with a daytime nadir, whereas (terminally differentiated) effector CD8(+) T cell counts peak during daytime. Naive T cells were negatively correlated with cortisol rhythms, decreased after low-dose cortisol infusion, and showed highest expression of CXCR4, which was up-regulated by cortisol. Effector CD8(+) T cells were positively correlated with epinephrine rhythms, increased after low-dose epinephrine infusion, and showed highest expression of beta-adrenergic and fractalkine receptors (CX3CR1). Daytime increases in cortisol via CXCR4 probably act to redistribute naive T cells to bone marrow, whereas daytime increases in catecholamines via beta-adrenoceptors and, possibly, a suppression of fractalkine signaling promote mobilization of effector CD8(+) T cells from the marginal pool. Thus, activation of the major stress hormones during daytime favor immediate effector defense but diminish capabilities for initiating adaptive immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.