ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Evolution of virulence in epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 235 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
235 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 396 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of transmission dynamic studies of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in non-hospital residential facilities.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Mortality among patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 versus non-USA300 invasive infections: a meta-analysis.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2014Pooled it
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- Fluoroquinolone resistance without fluoroquinolone use; the genie is truly out of the bottle.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Multiple highly resistant clones of MRSA circulating among patients with skin and soft tissue infection, Peshawar, Pakistan 2021-2022.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Prophage-encoded methyltransferase drives adaptation of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Staphylococcus aureus COL: An Atypical Model Strain of MRSA That Exhibits Slow Growth and Antibiotic Tolerance due to a Mutation in PRPP Synthetase.Molecular microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Estrogen and bacterial infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Collaborative Cross mice have diverse phenotypic responses to infection with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- The role of Staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing in cutaneous and systemic infections.Inflammation and regeneration · 2024Review
- Targeting host-specific metabolic pathways-opportunities and challenges for anti-infective therapy.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Review
- Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistantClinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Draft genome sequence of a highly proteolyticMicrobiology resource announcements · 2023Article
- Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection of diabetic foot ulcers in an eastern diabetic foot center in a tertiary hospital in China: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Community-Acquired Methicillin-ResistantDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
- Pyroptosis in neutrophils: Multimodal integration of inflammasome and regulated cell death signaling pathways.Immunological reviews · 2023Review
- Article
175 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has recently emerged worldwide. The United States, in particular, is experiencing a serious epidemic of CA-MRSA that is almost entirely caused by an extraordinarily infectious strain named USA300. However, the molecular determinants underlying the pathogenic success of CA-MRSA are mostly unknown. To gain insight into the evolution of the exceptional potential of USA300 to cause disease, we compared the phylogeny and virulence of USA300 with that of closely related MRSA clones. We discovered that the sublineage from which USA300 evolved is characterized by a phenotype of high virulence that is clearly distinct from other MRSA strains. Namely, USA300 and its progenitor, USA500, had high virulence in animal infection models and the capacity to evade innate host defense mechanisms. Furthermore, our results indicate that increased virulence in the USA300/USA500 sublineage is attributable to differential expression of core genome-encoded virulence determinants, such as phenol-soluble modulins and alpha-toxin. Notably, the fact that the virulence phenotype of USA300 was already established in its progenitor indicates that acquisition of mobile genetic elements has played a limited role in the evolution of USA300 virulence and points to a possibly different role of those elements. Thus, our results highlight the importance of differential gene expression in the evolution of USA300 virulence. This finding calls for a profound revision of our notion about CA-MRSA pathogenesis at the molecular level and has important implications for design of therapeutics directed against CA-MRSA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.