ReviewExperimental brain research2009
Mode of action of cytokines on nociceptive neurons.
Review in Experimental brain research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Altered blood-based biomarkers in carpal tunnel syndrome. A systematic review and meta-analysis.Musculoskeletal science & practice · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of etanercept in polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized controlled trial.Arthritis research & therapy · 2010Trial
- Correlation between serum pro inflammatory cytokines and clinical scores of knee osteoarthritic patients using resveratrol as a supplementary therapy with meloxicam.Indian journal of pharmacologyTrial
- Skin-resident Langerhans cells drive neuropathic pain via chemokine-dependent neuron-immune communication.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into cartilage-sensory nerve crosstalk in osteoarthritis progression.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Review
- The influence of sex on neuroimmune communication, pain, and physiology.Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Engagement Modulates Neuroma Microenviroment in Rats and Humans and Prevents Postamputation Pain.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Low-dose naltrexone's utility for non-cancer centralized pain conditions: a scoping review.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2023Article
- TLR4 activation by lysozyme induces pain without inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Syringaresinol Alleviates Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain Symptoms by Inhibiting the Inflammatory Responses of Spinal Microglia.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The retrospective analysis of platelet-rich plasma and corticosteroid injection under epiduroscopic guidance for radiculopathy in operated or unoperated patients for lumbar disc herniation.Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Machine-Learning Analysis of Serum Proteomics in Neuropathic Pain after Nerve Injury in Breast Cancer Surgery Points at Chemokine Signaling via SIRT2 Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The involvement of immune system in intervertebral disc herniation and degeneration.JOR spine · 2022Review
- Article
- Pulsed Radiofrequency Upregulates Serotonin Transporters and Alleviates Neuropathic Pain-Induced Depression in a Spared Nerve Injury Rat Model.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Serum inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers levels are associated with pain intensity, pressure pain threshold and quality of life in myofascial pain syndrome.BMC research notes · 2020Article
- IL-4 induces M2 macrophages to produce sustained analgesia via opioids.JCI insight · 2020Article
- A Review of the Effects of Pain and Analgesia on Immune System Function and Inflammation: Relevance for Preclinical Studies.Comparative medicine · 2019Review
- Body thermal responses and the vagus nerve.Neuroscience letters · 2019Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokines are pluripotent soluble proteins secreted by immune and glial cells and are key elements in the induction and maintenance of pain. They are categorized as pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are mostly algesic, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which have analgesic properties. Progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the action of cytokines in pain. To date, several direct and indirect pathways are known that link cytokines with nociception or hyperalgesia. Cytokines may act via specific cytokine receptors inducing downstream signal transduction cascades, which then modulate the function of other receptors like the ionotropic glutamate receptor, the transient vanilloid receptors, or sodium channels. This receptor activation, either through amplification of the inflammatory reaction, or through direct modulation of ion channel currents, then results in pain sensation. Following up on results from animal experiments, cytokine profiles have recently been investigated in human pain states. An imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression may be of importance for individual pain susceptibility. Individual cytokine profiles may be of diagnostic importance in chronic pain states, and, in the future, might guide the choice of treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.