Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19289931›Full record

Trial reportNursing research

Significant impairment in immune recovery after cancer treatment.

Duck-Hee Kang, Michael T Weaver, Na-Jin Park, Barbara Smith, Traci McArdle, John Carpenter

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nursing research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Lemons to lemonade: Effects of a biobehavioral intervention for cancer patients on later life changes.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2019
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  20. Effects of Cancer Presence and Therapy on the Platelet Proteome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Duck-Hee KangSchool of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. kangd@uab.edu
Michael T Weaver
Na-Jin Park
Barbara Smith
Traci McArdle
John Carpenter

Funding

PSYCHOIMMUNE OUTCOMES: INTERVENTION IN BREAST CANCERR01NR004930 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI KANG, DUCK-HEE · 2000 to 2003
$1.6M
NINR NIH HHS R01 NR 004930NINR NIH HHS R01 NR004930
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough immunosuppression from cancer adjuvant therapy has been documented, how these suppressed immune responses recover to baseline values after completion of cancer adjuvant therapy has not been studied systematically.

objectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the probability of immune recovery after cancer adjuvant therapy and the potential impact of cancer adjuvant therapy type and cancer stage on immune recovery in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

methodsIn a repeated-measures design, immune responses were measured four times in 80 patients with early-stage breast cancer: before and at 2, 6, and 12 months from the beginning of cancer adjuvant therapy. Natural killer cell activity, lymphokine-activated killer cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation, CD subsets (CD4, CD8, and CD56), and cytokines (interferon-gamma, interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-1alpha) were selected for their relevance to breast cancer. Immune recovery was defined by the level of immune response reaching to and above baseline levels. Data were analyzed using a multivariate generalized linear mixed-model approach.

resultsDelayed immune recovery to pretreatment baseline levels continued to the 12-month time point in all parameters. The percentages of immune recovery ranged from 6% to 76% of the patients, varying among immune parameters. Overall, immune recovery was poorer for interferon-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, lymphocyte proliferation, and natural killer cell activity than was for CD subsets and IL-6. The type of cancer adjuvant therapy, not cancer stage, showed selective influence on immune recovery. Chemotherapy or chemotherapy and radiotherapy combination significantly delayed IL-2 recovery, whereas radiotherapy significantly delayed IL-4 recovery. DISCUSSION: Immune recovery after breast cancer adjuvant therapy is delayed significantly for an extended time period in numerous immune parameters. The type of cancer adjuvant therapy has selective influence on immune recovery. Future investigations are warranted to elucidate the time course of immune recovery, clinical significance of poor immune recovery, and factors influencing immune recovery to develop potential interventions.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsAdultAgedCD4 AntigensCD56 AntigenCD8 AntigensCombined Modality TherapyFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansInterferon-gammaInterleukin-1alphaInterleukin-2Interleukin-4Interleukin-6Killer Cells, Lymphokine-ActivatedCD4 AntigensCD56 AntigenCD8 AntigensInterferon-gammaInterleukin-1alphaInterleukin-2Interleukin-4Interleukin-6

Identifiers

PMID19289931
PMCPMC2777669

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.