ArticleArchives of dermatology2009
Lenalidomide for the treatment of resistant discoid lupus erythematosus.
Article in Archives of dermatology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends and collaborations in discoid lupus erythematosus research: a bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2024.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of cicatricial alopecia: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Brief Report: Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of AMG 811, a Human Anti-Interferon-γ Antibody, in Patients With Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2017Trial
- Efficacy and safety of lenalidomide for refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus.Arthritis research & therapy · 2012Trial
- Modern Therapies for Discoid Lupus Erythematosus: A Narrative Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- An update on the management of refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Drug-Induced Neutropenia During Treatment of Non-Neoplastic Dermatologic Diseases: A Review.Clinical drug investigation · 2020Review
- Current Insights Into The Management Of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2019Article
- Advancing understanding, diagnosis, and therapies for cutaneous lupus erythematosus within the broader context of systemic lupus erythematosus.F1000Research · 2019Review
- Multiple Myeloma Presenting with Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2017Article
- Lenalidomide for refractory cutaneous manifestations of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.Lupus · 2017Article
- Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: diagnosis and treatment.Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology · 2013Review
- Update on Epidemiology and Clinical Assessment Tools of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus and Dermatomyositis.Current dermatology reports · 2013Article
- Measurement of disease severity in cutaneous autoimmune diseases.F1000prime reports · 2013Article
- Lenalidomide therapy in treatment-refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus: histologic and circulating leukocyte profile and potential risk of a systemic lupus flare.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2012Article
- Response to antimalarial agents in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a prospective analysis.Archives of dermatology · 2011Article
- Treatment of cutaneous lupus.Current rheumatology reports · 2011Review
- Cutaneous lupus and the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index instrument.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2010Article
- Rheumatic manifestations of skin disease.Current opinion in rheumatology · 2010Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiscoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic, disfiguring disease that is characterized by scaly, erythematous, disk-shaped patches and plaques followed by atrophy, scarring, and dyspigmentation. It is refractory to standard therapies in a small population of patients. We investigated the use of lenalidomide, a thalidomide analogue, as a novel alternative therapy in 2 cases of refractory DLE and report our results. OBSERVATIONS: Two patients with chronic, severe DLE were treated with low-dose lenalidomide. Improvement was noted within 1 month at a dosage of 5 mg/d in one case and was maintained for 10 months before the dosage was doubled to 10 mg/d for 12 months because of a slight worsening of symptoms. Clinical improvement was demonstrated by a sustained reduction in the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index activity score, with no change in the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index damage score. Within 5 months, oral prednisone therapy (60 mg/d) was tapered and discontinued; it was restarted at a low dosage (5 mg/d), however, to manage the symptoms of systemic LE. Of note, the patient experienced mild neutropenia after taking 10 mg/d of lenalidomide, which carries a black box warning regarding neutropenia; therefore, the complete blood cell count should be monitored weekly for the first 2 months and then monthly thereafter. The second case failed to show clinical improvement, and lenalidomide therapy was discontinued after 6 months.
conclusionsLenalidomide therapy is a potential alternative or adjunctive treatment for patients with severe, chronic DLE that is refractory to standard therapies. A larger study is needed to clarify its role in the treatment of DLE and other forms of cutaneous LE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.