ArticleChild and adolescent psychiatry and mental health2009
Conventional intramuscular sedatives versus ziprasidone for severe agitation in adolescents: case-control study.
Article in Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Ziprasidone Injection vs Haloperidol Injection for Agitation in Patients with Acute Schizophrenia.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- A Critical Review of the Psychomotor Agitation Treatment in Youth.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Adherence with an Acute Agitation Algorithm and Subsequent Restraint Use.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2021Article
- Use of Intramuscular Chlorpromazine Versus Intramuscular Olanzapine for the Management of Acute Agitation and Aggression in Youth.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2021Article
- Best Practices for Evaluation and Treatment of Agitated Children and Adolescents (BETA) in the Emergency Department: Consensus Statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2019Article
- Management of Violence and Aggression in Emergency Environment; a Narrative Review of 200 Related Articles.Advanced journal of emergency medicine · 2019Review
- What do we really know about PRN use in agitated children with mental health conditions: a clinical review.Evidence-based mental health · 2018Review
- Collaborative problem solving (CPS) as a primary method of addressing acute pediatric pathological aggression along with other modalities.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2010Review
- Recommendations for pharmacological management of inpatient aggression in children and adolescents.Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa. : Township)) · 2010Article
- Pharmacologic Management of Agitation and Aggression in a Pediatric Emergency Department - A Retrospective Cohort Study.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAGArticle
- The use and effectiveness of pro re nata psychotropic medications in children and adolescents: A systematic review.Indian journal of psychiatryArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of this study was to compare intramuscular (IM) ziprasidone to conventional IM medications (haloperidol combined with lorazepam) for the treatment of severe agitation in adolescents (age 12-17).
methodsWe retrospectively identified consecutive severe agitation episodes (defined as requiring physical restraint) in adolescents treated with either IM ziprasidone or conventional IM agents in a psychiatric emergency room. For ziprasidone, the dosage was 20 mg for 23 episodes and 10 mg for 5 episodes. For 24 episodes treated with combined haloperidol and lorazepam, the dosages were 4.8 +/- 0.3 SEM mg and 1.9 +/- 0.4 mg respectively. Outcomes were the duration of restraint and need for adjunctive "rescue" medications within 60 minutes. These outcomes were decided prior to reviewing any records.
resultsNo difference was found in restraint duration (ziprasidone, N = 28, 55 +/- 5 minutes; haloperidol with lorazepam N = 24, 65 +/- 7 minutes, P = NS). Use of "rescue" medications did not differ between the two groups. No changes in blood pressure were found, but pulse decreased 8.3 +/- 2.4 for haloperidol with lorazepam and 8.9 +/- 4.24 for ziprasidone (P = NS). No instances of excessive sedation or extra-pyramidal symptoms were documented.
conclusionIn this study, IM ziprasidone appeared effective, well tolerated, and similar in clinical profile to combined conventional IM medications for treating severe agitation in adolescents. Given the reportedly favorable acute side effect profile of parenteral atypical agents, they may provide an alternative to conventional antipsychotics for treating acute agitation in both adult and adolescent populations. Future randomized, controlled studies are needed.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.