ArticlePLoS biology2009
Transmission dynamics and prospects for the elimination of canine rabies.
Article in PLoS biology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 276 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
276 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evaluating the success rates and effectiveness of surgical and orthodontic interventions for impacted canines: a systematic review of surgical and orthodontic interventions and a case series.BMC oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the role of surgical sterilisation in canine rabies control: A systematic review of impact and outcomes.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Effectiveness of community-based delivery of mass dog vaccination to prevent rabies: A cluster randomized controlled trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Trial
- Trial
- One Health Prioritization of Rabies Risk in the Republic of Guinea: Integration of Human Knowledge, Canine Immunity, and Spatial Analysis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Implementing mass dog rabies vaccination through a community-based continuous approach: A socio-anthropological process evaluation.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Biosurveillance and early outbreak detection of rabies in settings with limited laboratory capacity using spatiotemporal clustering and a machine learning framework.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Multilevel barriers to dog rabies vaccination uptake in Kilosa District, Tanzania.One health outlook · 2026Article
- A SynB1-conjugated antibody cocktail crosses the blood-brain barrier to produce a therapeutic effect on rabies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- LFD implementation uncovers hidden rabies burden: Pre- and post-implementation analysis and comparison with non-implementation sites in the Philippines.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic disparities and dog rabies: a retrospective analysis of high-spatial-resolution surveillance data from a Latin American city.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Generalizing an outbreak cluster detection method for two groups: an application to rabies.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- High Prevalence of Multi-Viral Co-Infections and Low Rabies Seropositivity in Stray Cats of Shenzhen, China.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Cave dogs around major urban areas threaten rabies elimination program.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Rabies control via co-creation: A model for sustainable one health interventions.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The Challenge of Lyssavirus Infections in Domestic and Other Animals: A Mix of Virological Confusion, Consternation, Chagrin, and Curiosity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Improved effectiveness of vaccination campaigns against rabies by reducing spatial heterogeneity in coverage.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Dog-Mediated Rabies: Disparities in Incidence and Surveillance Effort in a Latin American City.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of a dog-mediated rabies outbreak in El Pedregal, Arequipa, Peru.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
216 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rabies has been eliminated from domestic dog populations in Western Europe and North America, but continues to kill many thousands of people throughout Africa and Asia every year. A quantitative understanding of transmission dynamics in domestic dog populations provides critical information to assess whether global elimination of canine rabies is possible. We report extensive observations of individual rabid animals in Tanzania and generate a uniquely detailed analysis of transmission biology, which explains important epidemiological features, including the level of variation in epidemic trajectories. We found that the basic reproductive number for rabies, R0, is very low in our study area in rural Africa (approximately 1.2) and throughout its historic global range (<2). This finding provides strong support for the feasibility of controlling endemic canine rabies by vaccination, even near wildlife areas with large wild carnivore populations. However, we show that rapid turnover of domestic dog populations has been a major obstacle to successful control in developing countries, thus regular pulse vaccinations will be required to maintain population-level immunity between campaigns. Nonetheless our analyses suggest that with sustained, international commitment, global elimination of rabies from domestic dog populations, the most dangerous vector to humans, is a realistic goal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.