ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Anthrax edema toxin induces maturation of dendritic cells and enhances chemotaxis towards macrophage inflammatory protein 3beta.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Convergent evolution of diverse Bacillus anthracis outbreak strains toward altered surface oligosaccharides that modulate anthrax pathogenesis.PLoS biology · 2020Article
- Article
- Anthrax Vaccine Precipitated Induces Edema Toxin-Neutralizing, Edema Factor-Specific Antibodies in Human Recipients.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Article
- Crossing of the epithelial barriers by Bacillus anthracis: the Known and the Unknown.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
- Updating perspectives on the initiation of Bacillus anthracis growth and dissemination through its host.Infection and immunity · 2012Review
- Article
- Both lethal and edema toxins of Bacillus anthracis disrupt the human dendritic cell chemokine network.PloS one · 2012Article
- Cellular and physiological effects of anthrax exotoxin and its relevance to disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2012Review
- Glycogen synthase kinase 3 activation is important for anthrax edema toxin-induced dendritic cell maturation and anthrax toxin receptor 2 expression in macrophages.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- Modeling the host response to inhalation anthrax.Journal of theoretical biology · 2011Article
- Contributions of edema factor and protective antigen to the induction of protective immunity by Bacillus anthracis edema toxin as an intranasal adjuvant.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Article
- Crosstalk between PKA and Epac regulates the phenotypic maturation and function of human dendritic cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Article
- Anthrax toxin receptor 1/tumor endothelial marker 8: mutation of conserved inserted domain residues overrides cytosolic control of protective antigen binding.Biochemistry · 2010Article
- Review
- Cutting edge: resistance to Bacillus anthracis infection mediated by a lethal toxin sensitive allele of Nalp1b/Nlrp1b.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Article
- Anthrax lethal toxin induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cytosolic cathepsin release is Nlrp1b/Nalp1b-dependent.PloS one · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis secretes two bipartite toxins, edema toxin (ET) and lethal toxin (LT), which impair immune responses and contribute directly to the pathology associated with the disease anthrax. Edema factor, the catalytic subunit of ET, is an adenylate cyclase that impairs host defenses by raising cellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Synthetic cAMP analogues and compounds that raise intracellular cAMP levels lead to phenotypic and functional changes in dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we demonstrate that ET induces a maturation state in human monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) similar to that induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ET treatment results in downregulation of DC-SIGN, a marker of immature DCs, and upregulation of DC maturation markers CD83 and CD86. Maturation of DCs by ET is accompanied by an increased ability to migrate toward the lymph node-homing chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 3beta, like LPS-matured DCs. Interestingly, cotreating with LT differentially affects the ET-induced maturation of MDDCs while not inhibiting ET-induced migration. These findings reveal a mechanism by which ET impairs normal innate immune function and may explain the reported adjuvant effect of ET.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.