ReviewFrontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)2009
Gender and sex hormones in multiple sclerosis pathology and therapy.
Review in Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal optical coherence tomography measures in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Menopause Impact on Multiple Sclerosis Disability Progression.JAMA neurology · 2025Article
- Microchimerism in multiple sclerosis: The association between sex of offspring and MRI features in women with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Biological determinants impact the neurovascular toxicity of nicotine and tobacco smoke: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics perspective.Neurotoxicology · 2022Review
- T cell transgressions: Tales of T cell form and function in diverse disease states.International reviews of immunology · 2022Review
- Sex bias in lymphocytes: Implications for autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Cell of all trades: oligodendrocyte precursor cells in synaptic, vascular, and immune function.Genes & development · 2021Review
- Drug and Neurofilament Levels in Serum and Breastmilk of Women With Multiple Sclerosis Exposed to Natalizumab During Pregnancy and Lactation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Hepatocellular carcinoma up-regulated long non-coding RNA: a putative marker in multiple sclerosis.Metabolic brain disease · 2019Article
- Analogues of ERβ ligand chloroindazole exert immunomodulatory and remyelinating effects in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- An Update on the Use of Disease-Modifying Therapy in Pregnant Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.CNS drugs · 2018Review
- Sex Difference in Oxidative Stress Parameters in Spinal Cord of Rats with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Relation to Neurological Deficit.Neurochemical research · 2017Article
- 17BioMed research international · 2016Article
- Loss of Nrf2 exacerbates the visual deficits and optic neuritis elicited by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Molecular vision · 2016Article
- Retinal nerve fiber layer sector-specific compromise in relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis.eNeurologicalSci · 2015Article
- Remyelination Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2015Review
- Association of the SPT2 chromatin protein domain containing 1 gene rs17579600 polymorphism and serum lipid traits.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2015Article
- Raloxifene suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and NF-κB-dependent CCL20 expression in reactive astrocytes.PloS one · 2014Article
- The chronic blockade of angiotensin I-converting enzyme eliminates the sex differences of serum cytokine levels of spontaneously hypertensive rats.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2013Article
- Sex differences in the physiology and pharmacology of the lower urinary tract.Current urology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that gender affects the susceptibility and course of multiple sclerosis (MS) with a higher disease prevalence and overall better prognosis in women than men. This sex dimorphism may be explained by sex chromosome effects and effects of sex steroid hormones on the immune system, blood brain barrier or parenchymal central nervous system (CNS) cells. The well known improvement in disease during late pregnancy has also been linked to hormonal changes and has stimulated recent clinical studies to determine the efficacy of and tolerance to sex steroid therapeutic approaches. Both clinical and experimental studies indicate that sex steroid supplementation may be beneficial for MS. This could be related to anti-inflammatory actions on the immune system or CNS and to direct neuroprotective properties. Here, clinical and experimental data are reviewed with respect to the effects of sex hormones or gender in the pathology or therapy of MS or its rodent disease models. The different cellular targets as well as some molecular mechanisms likely involved are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.