ReviewAdvanced drug delivery reviews2009
Innovative strategies for co-delivering antigens and CpG oligonucleotides.
Review in Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of multi-drug cancer nanomedicine.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Immunogenicity ofVaccines · 2026Article
- Covalent conjugation of TLR9 agonists to phospholipids enhances mRNA-LNP delivery efficiency and dendritic cell cross-priming.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Engineered nanomedicine remodels the postoperative cavity microenvironment to suppress glioblastoma recurrence.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Cyclodextrin-Based Formulations as a Promising Strategy to Overcome the Blood-Brain Barrier: Historical Overview and Prospects in Glioblastoma Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nano-Based Vaccine Delivery Systems: Innovative Therapeutics Against Cancer and Neurological Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Controlling Release Kinetics of an Adjuvant from a Depot Improves the Efficacy of Local Immunotherapy in Metastatic Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Addressing unexpected bacterial RNA safety concerns of E. coli produced influenza NP through CpG loaded mutant.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Human In vitro Modeling Identifies Adjuvant Combinations that Unlock Antigen Cross-presentation and Promote T-helper 1 Development in Newborns, Adults and Elders.Journal of molecular biology · 2024Article
- Spherical nucleic acids-based nanoplatforms for tumor precision medicine and immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- Programming Cell-Derived Vesicles with Enhanced Immunomodulatory Properties.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Article
- Advanced subunit vaccine delivery technologies: From vaccine cascade obstacles to design strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Review
- Biomaterials Facilitating Dendritic Cell-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Oral pretreatment with β-lactoglobulin derived peptide and CpG co-encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles prior to sensitizations attenuates cow's milk allergy development in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Bioengineering of nano metal-organic frameworks for cancer immunotherapy.Nano research · 2021Review
- Systematic Combination of Oligonucleotides and Synthetic Polymers for Advanced Therapeutic Applications.Macromolecular research · 2021Review
- Tumor cell lysate-loaded immunostimulatory spherical nucleic acids as therapeutics for triple-negative breast cancer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- RNA Nanotechnology-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy.Theranostics · 2020Review
- Nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2019Review
- Effect of Adjuvant Release Rate on the Immunogenicity of Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines: A Case Study with a Nanoparticle-Based Nicotine Vaccine.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2019Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) is a recent class of immunostimulatory adjuvants that includes unmethylated CpG dinucleotide sequences similar to those commonly found in bacterial DNA. CpG ODN specifically triggers toll like receptor 9 (TLR9), which is found within phagoendosomes of antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs). CpG ODN triggers activation and maturation of DCs and helps to increase expression of antigens. CpG ODN can be used to induce polarized Th1 type immune responses. Several studies have shown that antigens and CpG ODN must be co-localized in the same APC to generate the most potent therapeutic antigen-specific immune responses. Delivery vehicles can be utilized to ensure co-delivery of antigens and CpG ODN to the same APCs and to significantly increase uptake by APCs. These strategies can result in antigen-specific immune responses that are 5 to 500-fold greater than administration of antigen alone. In this review, we discuss several recent and innovative strategies to co-delivering antigens and CpG ODN adjuvants to APCs. These approaches include the utilization of conjugate molecules, multi-component nanorods, liposomes, biodegradable microparticles, pulsatile release chips and cell-microparticle hybrids.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.