ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2009
T-cell metagene predicts a favorable prognosis in estrogen receptor-negative and HER2-positive breast cancers.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03515798 (A Prospective Multicenter Open-label, Randomized Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab in Combination With Neoadjuvant EC-Paclitaxel Regimen in HER2-negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer.), which is not on this map. Cited by 272 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Multicenter Open-label, Randomized Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab in Combination With Neoadjuvant EC-Paclitaxel Regimen in HER2-negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer.
Who cites it
272 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 480 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The Role of Proliferation in Determining Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: A Gene Expression-Based Meta-Analysis.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2016Pooled it
- Characterization of the immunophenotypes and antigenomes of colorectal cancers reveals distinct tumor escape mechanisms and novel targets for immunotherapy.Genome biology · 2015Pooled it
- Biomarker-guided responses in patient-derived organoids predict effective therapies in breast cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Trial
- Immune and Growth Factor Signaling Pathways Are Associated with Pathologic Complete Response to an Anti-Type I Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Regimen in Patients with Breast Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Durvalumab with olaparib and paclitaxel for high-risk HER2-negative stage II/III breast cancer: Results from the adaptively randomized I-SPY2 trial.Cancer cell · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Identification of a prognostic model using immune related genes combined with tumour mutational burden and T cell infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Unveiling the prognostic and immunotherapeutic role of Tregs in lung cancer using integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Characterization of Immune Infiltrating Cells in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Clinical Significance.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Pan-cancer analysis identifies FAM111B as a biomarker for immune suppression microenvironment in low-grade gliomas.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- TREM1 unleashes immunosuppression in glioma: targeting macrophage polarization as a new therapeutic vulnerability.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Carboxypeptidase Q(CPQ) promotes glioma progression by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and immunosuppression.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Association between transcriptomic metrics of exogenous antigen presentation and adaptive immunity with locoregional recurrence in localized estrogen receptor negative breast cancer: retrospective review of multi-institutional datasets.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Prognostic and molecular multi-platform analysis of CALGB 40603 (Alliance) and public triple-negative breast cancer datasets.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of TIGIT in patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer as a novel predictor of prognosis and immunotherapy response.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Mechanistic insights into PROS1 inhibition of bladder cancer progression and angiogenesis via the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hormone Receptor-Positive HER2-Negative/MammaPrint High-2 Breast Cancers Closely Resemble Triple-Negative Breast Cancers.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- RBM47 is a novel immunotherapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in gliomas.Scientific reports · 2025Article
212 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionLymphocyte infiltration (LI) is often seen in breast cancer but its importance remains controversial. A positive correlation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification and LI has been described, which was associated with a more favorable outcome. However, specific lymphocytes might also promote tumor progression by shifting the cytokine milieu in the tumor.
methodsAffymetrix HG-U133A microarray data of 1,781 primary breast cancer samples from 12 datasets were included. The correlation of immune system-related metagenes with different immune cells, clinical parameters, and survival was analyzed.
resultsA large cluster of nearly 600 genes with functions in immune cells was consistently obtained in all datasets. Seven robust metagenes from this cluster can act as surrogate markers for the amount of different immune cell types in the breast cancer sample. An IgG metagene as a marker for B cells had no significant prognostic value. In contrast, a strong positive prognostic value for the T-cell surrogate marker (lymphocyte-specific kinase (LCK) metagene) was observed among all estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors and those ER-positive tumors with a HER2 overexpression. Moreover ER-negative tumors with high expression of both IgG and LCK metagenes seem to respond better to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
conclusionsPrecise definitions of the specific subtypes of immune cells in the tumor can be accomplished from microarray data. These surrogate markers define subgroups of tumors with different prognosis. Importantly, all known prognostic gene signatures uniformly assign poor prognosis to all ER-negative tumors. In contrast, the LCK metagene actually separates the ER-negative group into better or worse prognosis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.