ArticleBlood2009
HTLV-1 uses HSPG and neuropilin-1 for entry by molecular mimicry of VEGF165.
Article in Blood, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proposed vaccines: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Immunity.Proteoglycan research · 2026Article
- Neuropilin-1 expression modulates infection susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus at the materno-fetal interface.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Review
- Rabies virus utilizes neuropilin 2 as an endocytic receptor to trigger TGFBR1-mediated actin polymerization.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Defining diverse spike-receptor interactions involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Virology · 2025Review
- Neuropilin-1 as a Neuroinflammatory Entry Factor for SARS-CoV-2 Is Attenuated in Vaccinated COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Family and the Immune System: Activators or Inhibitors?Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The Assembly of HTLV-1-How Does It Differ from HIV-1?Viruses · 2024Review
- Alteration of Neuropilin-1 and Heparan Sulfate Interaction Impairs Murine B16 Tumor Growth.ACS chemical biology · 2024Article
- The tyrosine kinase KDR is essential for the survival of HTLV-1-infected T cells by stabilizing the Tax oncoprotein.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Establishment of a novel human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection model using cell-free virus.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Upregulation of Neuropilin-1 Inhibits HTLV-1 Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Out of the ESCPE room: Emerging roles of endosomal SNX-BARs in receptor transport and host-pathogen interaction.Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) · 2023Review
- Neuropilin 1 is an entry receptor for KSHV infection of mesenchymal stem cell through TGFBR1/2-mediated macropinocytosis.Science advances · 2023Article
- Molecular mimicry of host short linear motif-mediated interactions utilised by viruses for entry.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- How Can We Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HTLV-1?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Infection of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells with Muromegalovirus muridbeta1 involves binding to neuropilin-1 and is dynamin-dependent.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Impaired VEGF-A-Mediated Neurovascular Crosstalk Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: A Potential Hypothesis Explaining Long COVID-19 Symptoms and COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects?Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Neuropilin-1 Facilitates Pseudorabies Virus Replication and Viral Glycoprotein B Promotes Its Degradation in a Furin-Dependent Manner.Journal of virology · 2022Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) entry involves the interaction between the surface (SU) subunit of the Env proteins and cellular receptor(s). Previously, our laboratories demonstrated that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), a receptor of VEGF(165), are essential for HTLV-1 entry. Here we investigated whether, as when binding VEGF(165), HSPGs and NRP-1 work in concert during HTLV-1 entry. VEGF(165) binds to the b domain of NRP-1 through both HSPG-dependent and -independent interactions, the latter involving its exon 8. We show that VEGF(165) is a selective competitor of HTLV-1 entry and that HTLV-1 mimics VEGF(165) to recruit HSPGs and NRP-1: (1) the NRP-1 b domain is required for HTLV-1 binding; (2) SU binding to target cells is blocked by the HSPG-binding domain of VEGF(165); (3) the formation of Env/NRP-1 complexes is enhanced by HSPGs; and (4) the HTLV SU contains a motif homologous to VEGF(165) exon 8. This motif directly binds to NRP-1 and is essential for HTLV-1 binding to, internalization into, and infection of CD4(+) T cells and dendritic cells. These findings demonstrate that HSPGs and NRP-1 function as HTLV-1 receptors in a cooperative manner and reveal an unexpected mimicry mechanism that may have major implications in vivo.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.