ArticleGenes & development2009
Integration target site selection by a resurrected human endogenous retrovirus.
Article in Genes & development, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Specialized DNA Structures Act as Genomic Beacons for Integration by Evolutionarily Diverse Retroviruses.Viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Intact HIV-1 proviruses accumulate at distinct chromosomal positions during prolonged antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- Decade-long safety and function of retroviral-modified chimeric antigen receptor T cells.Science translational medicine · 2012Trial
- Trial
- Characterization of HERV-K (HML-2) Rec proteins encoded in the human genome and their post-transcriptional function.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Signature of viral fossils: a comparative genomics approach to understand the diversity of endogenous retroviruses in bats.Virus research · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Identification and Characterization of HML-9 Group in Chimpanzee Genome.Viruses · 2024Article
- The HIV-1 Capsid-Targeted Inhibitor GSK878 Alters Selection of Target Sites for HIV DNA Integration.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2024Article
- Comprehensive characterization of ERV-K (HML-8) in the chimpanzee genome revealed less genomic activity than humans.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Widespread expression of the ancient HERV-K (HML-2) provirus group in normal human tissues.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- An ordeal that does not heal: understanding barriers to a cure for HIV-1 infection.Trends in immunology · 2022Review
- Comprehensive identification and characterization of the HERV-K (HML-9) group in the human genome.Retrovirology · 2022Article
- Endogenous retroviruses co-opted as divergently transcribed regulatory elements shape the regulatory landscape of embryonic stem cells.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- The diversity and evolution of retroviruses: Perspectives from viral "fossils".Virologica Sinica · 2022Review
- Endogenous retroviruses in the origins and treatment of cancer.Genome biology · 2021Review
- The emerging role of epigenetic therapeutics in immuno-oncology.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2020Review
- Spatially clustered loci with multiple enhancers are frequent targets of HIV-1 integration.Nature communications · 2019Article
- The First Co-Opted Endogenous Foamy Viruses and the Evolutionary History of Reptilian Foamy Viruses.Viruses · 2019Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
At least 8% of the human genome was formed by integration of retroviral DNA sequences. Here we analyze the forces directing the accumulation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) by comparing de novo HERV integration targeting with the distribution of fixed HERV elements in the human genome. All known genomic HERVs are inactive due to mutation, but we were able to study integration targeting using a reconstituted consensus HERV-K (designated HERV-K(Con)). We found that HERV-K(Con) integrated preferentially in transcription units, in gene-rich regions, and near features associated with active transcription units and associated regulatory regions. In contrast, genomic HERV-K proviruses are found preferentially outside transcription units. The minority of genomic HERVKs present inside transcription units are in opposite transcriptional orientation relative to the host gene, the orientation predicted to be minimally disruptive to host mRNA synthesis, but de novo HERV-K(Con) integration within transcription units showed no orientation bias. We also found that the youngest HERV-K elements in the human genome showed a distribution intermediate between de novo HERV-K(Con) integration sites and older fixed HERV-Ks. These findings indicate that accumulation of HERVs in the human germline is a two-step process: integration targeting biases direct initial accumulation, then purifying selection leads to loss of proviruses disrupting gene function.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.