Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2009
Pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus when combined with portion control diet modifies the metabolic syndrome.
Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2009. The graph read 2 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
Patients treated with Pio + ADA gained 2.15 +/- 1.09 kg (mean +/- SD) compared with a weight loss of 2.59 +/- 1.25 kg (p < 0.05) in the Pio + PC group, and a weight loss of 3.21 +/- 0.7 kg (p < 0.05) in the Met + ADA group.
Patients treated with Pio + ADA gained 2.15 +/- 1.09 kg (mean +/- SD) compared with a weight loss of 2.59 +/- 1.25 kg (p < 0.05) in the Pio + PC group, and a weight loss of 3.21 +/- 0.7 kg (p < 0.05) in the Met + ADA group.
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Where it lands on the map
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What it adds to each cell
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Metformin×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →19 readable studies in this cell: 8 favour the treatment, 6 find no difference, 5 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
Thiazolidinediones×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →1 readable study in this cell: 0 favour the treatment, 0 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment of body composition changes in obese and overweight older adults: insight into the phenotype of sarcopenic obesity.Endocrine · 2014Pooled it
- Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2010 · on this mapPooled it
- The effect of pioglitazone and resistance training on body composition in older men and women undergoing hypocaloric weight loss.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2011Trial
- Effect of pioglitazone on energy intake and ghrelin in diabetic patients.Diabetes care · 2010Trial
- Pioglitazone, but not metformin, reduces liver fat in Type-2 diabetes mellitus independent of weight changes.Journal of diabetes and its complicationsTrial
- Ligustrazine attenuates high-fat diet-induced neurobehavioral deficits and hepatic dysfunction via modulation of the HO-1/Nrf-2/SIRT-1/PPAR-α axis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Factors Affecting the Treatment Heterogeneity of PPARγ and Pan-PPAR Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Machine Learning-Based Meta-Regression Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pioglitazone and barriers to effective post-stroke comorbidity management in stroke survivors with diabetes.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2024Article
- Article
- PPARgamma-independent increase in glucose uptake and adiponectin abundance in fat cells.Endocrinology · 2011Article
- Pioglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients inadequately controlled on insulin.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2010Article
- PPARgamma gene C161T substitution alters lipid profile in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
backgroundTreatment with thiazolidinediones (TZDs) produces weight gain.
objectiveTo test whether a portion control diet could prevent weight gain during treatment with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
designThis 16-week randomized, open-label, parallel arm study compared three groups: (i) pioglitazone plus the American Diabetes Association diet (Pio + ADA); (ii) pioglitazone plus a portion control weight loss diet (Pio + PC); (iii) metformin plus the American Diabetes Association diet (Met + ADA). All participants received the same advice about calorie reduction, lifestyle change and exercise.
methodsFifty-one men and women with T2DM, naive to TZDs, were randomized to a 16-week study. Pioglitazone (Pio) was titrated to a dose of 45 mg/day and metformin (Met) to a dose of 2 g/day. Fasting blood was collected for lipids, insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at baseline and 16 weeks.
resultsForty-eight of fifty-one randomized subjects completed the study. Patients treated with Pio + ADA gained 2.15 +/- 1.09 kg (mean +/- SD) compared with a weight loss of 2.59 +/- 1.25 kg (p < 0.05) in the Pio + PC group, and a weight loss of 3.21 +/- 0.7 kg (p < 0.05) in the Met + ADA group. Waist circumference and visceral adipose tissue decreased significantly more in the Pio + PC group than in the Pio + ADA group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the Pio + PC group compared with the Met + ADA group. Pioglitazone reduced insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) more than metformin. No significant differences between groups were seen for glucose, insulin, HbA1c or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
conclusionsPio + PC, prevented weight gain, reduced waist circumference and visceral fat compared with Pio + ADA diet.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.