ArticleDiabetologia2009
The prevalence of enteroviral capsid protein vp1 immunostaining in pancreatic islets in human type 1 diabetes.
Article in Diabetologia, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 226 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
226 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 380 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between enterovirus infection and clinical type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Epidemiology and infection · 2021Pooled it
- The virome in early life and childhood and development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Reviews in medical virology · 2021Pooled it
- Association BetweenFrontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents.Pediatric diabetes · 2018Guideline
- Enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational molecular studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2011Pooled it
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- Human enterovirus infections in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes: the Babydiet study.Diabetologia · 2011Trial
- Beta Cell Stress to Epitope Diversification: Post-Translationally Modified Antigens in Type 1 Diabetes.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Development of a lethal adult mouse model of Coxsackievirus B1 infection for antiviral research.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Coxsackievirus B Infections Are Associated With the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Children With Strong Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes-Results From the TRIGR Divia Study.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Article
- From pancreas and islet resources to diabetes insights.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- From bats to humans: uncoveringbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Anti-Coxsackievirus B4 Activity of Serum and Saliva from Mice Exposed to the Virus via the Mucosal Route.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- The Hippo terminal effector YAP boosts enterovirus replication in type 1 diabetes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Coxsackievirus B infection invokes unique cell-type-specific responses in primary human pancreatic islets.Cell reports · 2025Article
- The pathophysiology, presentation and classification of Type 1 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Enterovirus VP1 protein and HLA class I hyperexpression in pancreatic islet cells of organ donors with type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Detection of enterovirus RNA in pancreas and lymphoid tissues of organ donors with type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2025Article
166 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisEvidence that the beta cells of human patients with type 1 diabetes can be infected with enterovirus is accumulating, but it remains unclear whether such infections occur at high frequency and are important in the disease process. We have now assessed the prevalence of enteroviral capsid protein vp1 (vp1) staining in a large cohort of autopsy pancreases of recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients and a range of controls.
methodsSerial sections of paraffin-embedded pancreatic autopsy samples from 72 recent-onset type 1 diabetes patients and up to 161 controls were immunostained for insulin, glucagon, vp1, double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase R (PKR) and MHC class I.
resultsvp1-immunopositive cells were detected in multiple islets of 44 out of 72 young recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients, compared with a total of only three islets in three out of 50 neonatal and paediatric normal controls. vp1 staining was restricted to insulin-containing beta cells. Among the control pancreases, vp1 immunopositivity was also observed in some islets from ten out of 25 type 2 diabetic patients. A strong correlation was established between islet cell vp1 positivity and PKR production in insulin-containing islets of both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, consistent with a persistent viral infection of the islets. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationImmunoreactive vp1 is commonly found in the islets of recent-onset type 1 diabetes patients, but only rarely in normal paediatric controls. vp1 immunostaining was also observed in some islets of type 2 diabetes patients, suggesting that the phenomenon is not restricted to type 1 diabetes patients.
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