ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2009
HIV-1 Tat protein suppresses cholangiocyte toll-like receptor 4 expression and defense against Cryptosporidium parvum.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cholangiocyte biology in primary sclerosing cholangitis and other cholangiopathies: pathogenesis, clinical insights, and experimental tools.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- Infectious Agents Induce Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Deregulation in Primary Liver Cancers.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Whole transcriptome analysis of HCT-8 cells infected by Cryptosporidium parvum.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Association of Plasma Eicosanoid Levels With Immune, Viral, and Cognitive Outcomes in People With HIV.Neurology · 2022Article
- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Cholangiopathy: Case Series of Three Patients and Literature Review.Journal of medical cases · 2022Article
- HIV and AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses in the state of Qatar: A cohort population-based retrospective study covering 17 years (2000-2016).Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- New insights into pathogenesis point to HIV-1 Tat as a key vaccine target.Archives of virology · 2021Review
- Human immunodeficiency virus Tat-TIP30 interaction promotes metastasis by enhancing the nuclear translocation of Snail in lung cancer cell lines.Cancer science · 2018Article
- Epidemiology, determinants, and management of AIDS cholangiopathy: A review.World journal of gastroenterology · 2018Review
- Altered Toll-like receptor expression and function in HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- Direct Regulation of TLR5 Expression by Caveolin-1.Molecules and cells · 2015Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus Tat associates with a specific set of cellular RNAs.Retrovirology · 2014Article
- Advances in cholangiocyte immunobiology.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2012Review
- Spectrum of AIDS Defining Opportunistic Infections in a Series of 77 Hospitalised HIV-infected Omani Patients.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2012Article
- HIV type 1 infection up-regulates TLR2 and TLR4 expression and function in vivo and in vitro.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2012Article
- Cryptosporidiosis-an overview.Journal of biomedical research · 2012Article
- Challenges in understanding the immunopathogenesis of Cryptosporidium infections in humans.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2011Review
- Cryptosporidium-malnutrition interactions: mucosal disruption, cytokines, and TLR signaling in a weaned murine model.The Journal of parasitology · 2011Article
- TLR4 promotes Cryptosporidium parvum clearance in a mouse model of biliary cryptosporidiosis.The Journal of parasitology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Biliary cryptosporidiosis is associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cholangiopathy and occurs almost exclusively in adult patients with AIDS. Infection of biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) with Cryptosporidium parvum induces Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 expression and stimulates a TLR-dependent response against infection. Here, we tested whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat affects TLR expression and, hence, anti-C. parvum defense responses. Using an in vitro model of human biliary cryptosporidiosis, we found that recombinant Tat protein increased TLR4 mRNA expression in both uninfected and C. parvum-infected cholangiocytes. Conversely, Tat decreased TLR4 protein levels and suppressed C. parvum-induced TLR4 protein expression. Using actinomycin to inhibit transcription, we found that Tat increased the half-life of TLR4 mRNA from approximately 25 to 60 min, and RNA gel-shift assays demonstrated direct binding of Tat to TLR4 mRNA. In vitro transcription/translation studies suggested that Tat does not affect transcription but does decrease TLR4 translation. Importantly, more parasites were found in Tat-treated cells than in control cells 48 h after infection. These findings suggest that Tat inhibits cholangiocyte TLR4 protein expression through translational inhibition. These events appear to diminish the ability of cholangiocytes to initiate an innate immune response to C. parvum. We suggest that these findings may contribute to the unusual susceptibility of HIV-infected individuals to biliary cryptosporidiosis.
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Registered trials
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