ArticleBlood2009
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after rituximab therapy in HIV-negative patients: a report of 57 cases from the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports project.
Article in Blood, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 318 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
318 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 867 citations in OpenAlex.
- International Recommendations for Screening and Preventative Practices for Long-Term Survivors of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy: A 2023 Update.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2024Guideline
- Effect of rituximab on primary central nervous system lymphoma: a meta-analysis.International journal of hematology · 2017Pooled it
- Three-year follow-up of epcoritamab therapy in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma in EPCORE NHL-3.International journal of hematology · 2026Trial
- A Three-Arm Randomized Phase II Study of Bendamustine/Rituximab with Bortezomib Induction or Lenalidomide Continuation in Untreated Follicular Lymphoma: ECOG-ACRIN E2408.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Trial
- Sustained Progression-Free Survival Benefit of Rituximab Maintenance in Patients With Follicular Lymphoma: Long-Term Results of the PRIMA Study.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2019Trial
- Efficacy and safety of rituximab in childhood-onset, difficult-to-treat nephrotic syndrome: A multicenter open-label trial in Korea.Medicine · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Long-term follow up of the FL2000 study comparing CHVP-interferon to CHVP-interferon plus rituximab in follicular lymphoma.Haematologica · 2013Trial
- Reactivation of latent viruses in individuals receiving rituximab for new onset type 1 diabetes.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2013Trial
- Rituximab-induced direct inhibition of T-cell activation.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2012Trial
- Translating B-Cell and Plasma-Cell Targeting from Oncology to Autoimmunity: Modalities, Quantitative Bridging, and a Development Roadmap.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Structural characterization of human neutralizing antibodies against JC and BK polyomaviruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Safety evaluation of CD3×CD20 bispecific antibodies: a pharmacovigilance study using FDA adverse event reporting system.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Review
- A real-world safety analysis of infection-related adverse events associated with belimumab, rituximab, and TNF inhibitors using the FAERS database.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A narrative review on the lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia in burkitt lymphoma: navigating metabolic changes.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as a rare first manifestation of AIDS: case report.Postepy psychiatrii neurologii · 2025Article
- Emerging Role of Targeted Monoclonal Antibodies in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during 4 years of Palbociclib for advanced breast cancer with a history of follicular lymphoma patient.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Article
258 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 18 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Rituximab improves outcomes for persons with lymphoproliferative disorders and is increasingly used to treat immune-mediated illnesses. Recent reports describe 2 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 1 with rheumatoid arthritis who developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) after rituximab treatment. We reviewed PML case descriptions among patients treated with rituximab from the Food and Drug Administration, the manufacturer, physicians, and a literature review from 1997 to 2008. Overall, 52 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, 2 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 1 patient with rheumatoid arthritis, 1 patient with an idiopathic autoimmune pancytopenia, and 1 patient with immune thrombocytopenia developed PML after treatment with rituximab and other agents. Other treatments included hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (7 patients), purine analogs (26 patients), or alkylating agents (39 patients). One patient with an autoimmune hemolytic anemia developed PML after treatment with corticosteroids and rituximab, and 1 patient with an autoimmune pancytopenia developed PML after treatment with corticosteroids, azathioprine, and rituximab. Median time from last rituximab dose to PML diagnosis was 5.5 months. Median time to death after PML diagnosis was 2.0 months. The case-fatality rate was 90%. Awareness is needed of the potential for PML among rituximab-treated persons.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.