ArticleThe Journal of general virology2009
Acidic residues in the membrane-proximal stalk region of vaccinia virus protein B5 are required for glycosaminoglycan-mediated disruption of the extracellular enveloped virus outer membrane.
Article in The Journal of general virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Poxviruses Induce the Secretion of Immunostimulating and Anti-Tumoral Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Antiviral potential of black tea and blueberry extracts against monkeypox virus by targeting orthopoxvirus surface proteins.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Emerging strategies for monkeypox: antigen and antibody applications in diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- Bispecific antibodies targeting MPXV A29 and B6 demonstrate efficacy against MPXV infection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Methods to Study Poxvirus Structures by Cryo-EM Imaging Modalities.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Correlation between microneutralization test and a multiplexed immunoassay for evaluation of monkeypox and vaccinia virus antibodies before and after smallpox vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Two noncompeting human neutralizing antibodies targeting MPXV B6 show protective effects against orthopoxvirus infections.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for the Re-Emerging Human Monkeypox Virus.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Zebrafish-based platform for emerging bio-contaminants and virus inactivation research.The Science of the total environment · 2023Review
- Nanopore sequencing and de novo assembly of a misidentified Camelpox vaccine reveals putative epigenetic modifications and alternate protein signal peptides.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) Complex Proteins Facilitate Orthopoxvirus Entry, Fusion and Spread.Viruses · 2020Article
- Partial Deletion of Glycoprotein B5R Enhances Vaccinia Virus Neutralization Escape while Preserving Oncolytic Function.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2019Article
- The Ectodomain of the Vaccinia Virus Glycoprotein A34 Is Required for Cell Binding by Extracellular Virions and Contains a Large Region Capable of Interaction with Glycoprotein B5.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Membrane fusion during poxvirus entry.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2016Review
- Transport and stability of the vaccinia virus A34 protein is affected by the A33 protein.The Journal of general virology · 2013Article
- Protein B5 is required on extracellular enveloped vaccinia virus for repulsion of superinfecting virions.The Journal of general virology · 2012Article
- Increased interaction between vaccinia virus proteins A33 and B5 is detrimental to infectious extracellular enveloped virion production.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- The A33-dependent incorporation of B5 into extracellular enveloped vaccinia virions is mediated through an interaction between their lumenal domains.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Vaccinia extracellular virions enter cells by macropinocytosis and acid-activated membrane rupture.The EMBO journal · 2011Article
- Vaccinia virus B5 protein affects the glycosylation, localization and stability of the A34 protein.The Journal of general virology · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The extracellular enveloped virus (EEV) form of vaccinia virus (VACV) is surrounded by two lipid envelopes. This presents a topological problem for virus entry into cells, because a classical fusion event would only release a virion surrounded by a single envelope into the cell. Recently, we described a mechanism in which the EEV outer membrane is disrupted following interaction with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface and thus allowing fusion of the inner membrane with the plasma membrane and penetration of a naked core into the cytosol. Here we show that both the B5 and A34 viral glycoproteins are required for this process. A34 is required to recruit B5 into the EEV membrane and B5 acts as a molecular switch to control EEV membrane rupture upon exposure to GAGs. Analysis of VACV strains expressing mutated B5 proteins demonstrated that the acidic stalk region between the transmembrane anchor sequence and the fourth short consensus repeat of B5 are critical for GAG-induced membrane rupture. Furthermore, the interaction between B5 and A34 can be disrupted by the addition of polyanions (GAGs) and polycations, but only the former induce membrane rupture. Based on these data we propose a revised model for EEV entry.
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