ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2009
New plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrC, found in a clinical isolate of Proteus mirabilis.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 324 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) among Enterobacteriales in Latin America: a systematic review.Molecular biology reports · 2020Pooled it
- Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: a systematic review with a focus on Mediterranean countries.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2017Pooled it
- Detection of cefotaxime- and enrofloxacin-resistant and mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli at farm level in younger and older calf groups across different production systems in Germany.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- The agroenvironmental-clinical link of Proteus mirabilis: Genomic epidemiology, clonal relationships, and shared resistance and virulence profiles.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Association between phenotypes and genotypes of antimicrobial resistance inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Diversity of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant enterobacterales from human and animal samples obtained in Owerri, Nigeria.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A One Health Perspective onMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Discovery, Development, the Chemistry of Quinolones, and Their Antimicrobial Resistance.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Review
- Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates of salmonella species producing extended spectrum beta lactamases as predictor of multidrug resistance in a tertiary hospital, Southeastern Nigeria.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- First detection of resistance genes and virulence factors in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp in Togo: the case of imported chicken and frozen by-products.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Exploring fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms and the effects of carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) inFrontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and Mechanism of Drug Resistance of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Beijing Teaching Hospital, China.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Prevalence and virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from clinical and environmental samples in Huzhou, China.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes inHealth science reports · 2024Article
- Molecular mechanisms impact on fluoroquinolone resistance among E.coli from enteric carriage monitoring before prostate biopsy and earliest description of qnrB81.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Occurrence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance and Carbapenemase-Encoding Genes inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Observational
- Genomic Characterization of 16S rRNA Methyltransferase-ProducingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Emergence of extensive drug resistance and high prevalence of multidrug resistance among clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates in Egypt.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2024Article
- Coexistence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes among clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Egypt.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Since the discovery of qnrA in 1998, two additional qnr genes, qnrB and qnrS, have been described. These three plasmid-mediated genes contribute to quinolone resistance in gram-negative pathogens worldwide. A clinical strain of Proteus mirabilis was isolated from an outpatient with a urinary tract infection and was susceptible to most antimicrobials but resistant to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. Plasmid pHS10, harbored by this strain, was transferred to azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 by conjugation. A transconjugant with pHS10 had low-level quinolone resistance but was negative by PCR for the known qnr genes, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA. The ciprofloxacin MIC for the clinical strain and a J53/pHS10 transconjugant was 0.25 microg/ml, representing an increase of 32-fold relative to that for the recipient, J53. The plasmid was digested with HindIII, and a 4.4-kb DNA fragment containing the new gene was cloned into pUC18 and transformed into E. coli TOP10. Sequencing showed that the responsible 666-bp gene, designated qnrC, encoded a 221-amino-acid protein, QnrC, which shared 64%, 42%, 59%, and 43% amino acid identity with QnrA1, QnrB1, QnrS1, and QnrD, respectively. Upstream of qnrC there existed a new IS3 family insertion sequence, ISPmi1, which encoded a frameshifted transposase. qnrC could not be detected by PCR, however, in 2,020 strains of Enterobacteriaceae. A new quinolone resistance gene, qnrC, was thus characterized from plasmid pHS10 carried by a clinical isolate of P. mirabilis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.