ArticleBMC genomics2009
Rapid evolution of mammalian X-linked testis microRNAs.
Article in BMC genomics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in cardiovascular epigenetics-a systematic review.Biology of sex differences · 2018Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Metabolite-Immune Circuits of Neuroinflammation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Redesigning medicine: integrating sex and gender for better health outcomes.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Genetic and functional analyses of CTBP2 in anorexia nervosa and body weight regulation.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sex differences in disease: sex chromosome and immunity.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Sex difference in human diseases: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- XX sex chromosome complement modulates immune responses to heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization in a microbiome-dependent manner.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Sex-Biased Expression and Response of microRNAs in Neurological Diseases and Neurotrauma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A landscape of mouse mitochondrial small non-coding RNAs.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- XX sex chromosome complement modulates immune responses to heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization in a microbiome-dependent manner.Research square · 2023Article
- Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms regulate sex-specific bias in disease manifestations.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Review
- Immune Sexual Dimorphism: Connecting the Dots.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Review
- The lncRNAs at X Chromosome Inactivation Center: Not Just a Matter of Sex Dosage Compensation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Serum microRNA-4297 is a sex-specific predictive biomarker of glioma grade and prognosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Global microRNA and protein expression in human term placenta.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- DNA Methylation Analysis of Turner Syndrome BAV.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Sex-Specific MicroRNAs in Neurovascular Units in Ischemic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- High-throughput miRNA sequencing of the human placenta: expression throughout gestation.Epigenomics · 2021Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small, non-coding RNAs approximately 21-nucleotides in length, have become a major focus of research in molecular biology. Mammalian miRNAs are proposed to regulate approximately 30% of all protein-coding genes. Previous studies have focused on highly conserved miRNAs, but nonconserved miRNAs represent a potentially important source of novel functionalities during evolution.
resultsAn analysis of the chromosome distribution of miRNAs showed higher densities of miRNAs on the X chromosome compared to the average densities on autosomes in all eight mammalian species analyzed. The distribution pattern did not, however, apply well to species beyond mammals. In addition, by comparing orthologous human and mouse miRNAs, we found that X-linked miRNAs had higher substitution rates than autosomal miRNAs. Since the highest proportion of X-linked miRNAs were found in mouse testis, we tested the hypothesis that testis miRNAs are evolving faster on the X chromosome than on autosomes. Mature X-linked testis miRNAs had an average substitution rate between mouse and human that was almost 25-fold higher than mature testis miRNAs on autosomes. In contrast, for mature miRNAs with precursors not expressed in testis, no significant difference in the substitution rate between the X chromosome and autosomes was found. Among mammals, the rapid evolution of X-linked testis miRNAs was also observed in rodents and primates.
conclusionThe rapid evolution of X-linked testis miRNAs implies possible important male reproductive functions and may contribute to speciation in mammals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.