ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Early bacterial colonization induces toll-like receptor-dependent transforming growth factor beta signaling in the epithelium.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and optimization of an easy to interpret loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the identification of bacterial pathogens causing childhood pneumonia.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The metabolic, microbial and immunological demands of pneumococcal colonisation.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Pathogenesis of periodontitis - A potential role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.The Japanese dental science review · 2022Review
- A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Human and Porcine Choroid Plexus Cells in Response toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Dysregulated signalling pathways in innate immune cells with cystic fibrosis mutations.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2020Review
- Genetic Risk Factors for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Insights into Immunopathogenesis.Journal of inflammation research · 2020Review
- Peptide-Based Membrane Fusion Inhibitors Targeting HCoV-229E Spike Protein HR1 and HR2 Domains.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- IL-8 and IP-10 expression from human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B are promoted by Streptococcus pneumoniae endopeptidase O (PepO).BMC microbiology · 2017Article
- Cigarette Smoke Attenuates the Nasal Host Response to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Predisposes to Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Mice.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Bacterial exploitation of phosphorylcholine mimicry suppresses inflammation to promote airway infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2015Article
- Clearance of Pneumococcal Colonization in Infants Is Delayed through Altered Macrophage Trafficking.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Cigarette smoke-promoted acquisition of bacterial pathogens in the upper respiratory tract leads to enhanced inflammation in mice.Respiratory research · 2015Article
- Mechanisms of Bacterial Colonization of the Respiratory Tract.Annual review of microbiology · 2015Review
- IL-17C expression in nasal epithelial cells of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2014Article
- Streptococcal co-infection augments Candida pathogenicity by amplifying the mucosal inflammatory response.Cellular microbiology · 2014Article
- Impaired innate mucosal immunity in aged mice permits prolonged Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- Pneumococcal carriage at age 2 months is associated with growth deficits at age 6 months among infants in South India.The Journal of nutrition · 2012Article
- A serotype 3 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody requires Fcγ receptor III and macrophages to mediate protection against pneumococcal pneumonia in mice.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
- Interleukin-1β regulates CXCL8 release and influences disease outcome in response to Streptococcus pneumoniae, defining intercellular cooperation between pulmonary epithelial cells and macrophages.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
- Applications of the phytomedicine Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower) in infectious diseases.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Colonization of the upper respiratory tract is an initial step that may lead to disease for many pathogens. To prevent compromise of the epithelial barrier, the host must monitor and tightly control bacterial levels on the mucosa. Here we show that innate immune functions of respiratory epithelial cells control colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent manner. Activation of inflammatory pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, in respiratory epithelial cells was accompanied by the induction of the transforming growth factor beta signaling cascade during early colonization. Thus, colonization resulted in upregulation of factors involved in a proinflammatory response (e.g., interleukin-6) as well as factors known to modulate the epithelial barrier (e.g., Snail-1). These in vivo data provided a link between inflammation control and maintenance of the mucosal barrier function during infection and emphasized the importance of TLR-dependent inflammatory responses of the respiratory epithelium.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.