ReviewClinical rheumatology2009
Systemic effects of intra-articular corticosteroids.
Review in Clinical rheumatology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 95 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pulsed Radiofrequency of Suprascapular Nerve and Shoulder Joint for Chronic Shoulder Pain: A Randomized Blind Active -Controlled Study
The Efficacy of Intra-articular Triamcinolone Acetonide 5mg vs. 10 mg vs. 40 mg in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: a Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Double-blind Study
Low-Cost Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection for the Management of Hemarthropathy
Platelet Rich Plasma for Musculoskeletal Conditions
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 266 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of steroid intra-articular injections on functioning in children and adolescents affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Association between physical activity and knee osteoarthritis: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- The mechanism of action for hyaluronic acid treatment in the osteoarthritic knee: a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2015Pooled it
- Intra-articular corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Effect Of Intraarticular Triamcinolone Hexacetonide versus Betamethasone on Intraocular Pressure: A Prospective Randomized Study.Orthopedic research and reviews · 2026Trial
- Resistance band training after triamcinolone acetonide injection for subacromial bursitis: A randomized clinical trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2021Trial
- Comparative assessment of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression secondary to intrabursal injection of different glucocorticoids: a pilot study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2019Trial
- Triamcinolone acetonide extended-release in patients with osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes: a randomized, phase 2 study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2018Trial
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection.International ophthalmology · 2013Trial
- From Physicochemical Properties to Rehabilitation Outcomes: Understanding Corticosteroid Injection Adverse Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neosaxitoxin Downregulates Inflammation in an Equine In Vivo Model of Osteoarthritis.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Compared with Standardized Exercise-Based Physiotherapy for Chronic Shoulder Pain Treated with Ultrasound-Guided Corticosteroid Injections: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Safety of intra-articular corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections: a 14-year population-based cohort study of 404,797 patients.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Urinary and Plasma Profiles of Betamethasone and Triamcinolone Acetonide Following Intra-Articular and Related Administrations.Drug testing and analysis · 2026Article
- Stroke-like presentation of a small tuberculum sellae meningioma unmasked by corticosteroid use: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Safety of methylprednisolone irrigation during sialendoscopy: effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Knee Osteoarthritis: Current Insights Into Pathophysiology and Non-surgical Management Options.Cureus · 2025Review
- Non-surgical Management of Post-traumatic Elbow Stiffness Following a Distal Humerus Fracture: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Beyond the knee: Why hip examination matters in patients with knee pain.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Are Preoperative Corticosteroid Injections in Large or Intermediate Joints Associated with Surgical Site Infection After Soft Tissue Hand Surgery? A Retrospective Database Analysis.The Journal of hand surgery · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to review all the published articles in the English literature about the systemic effects of intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IACI) in humans. Reports were searched through Pubmed using the terms intraarticular or intra-articular and steroids, corticosteroids, or glucocorticosteroids up and including the year 2007. Reports were also located through references of articles. Only objective findings outside the injected joint were included. The overwhelming majority of the studies was done at the knee joint and in rheumatoid arthritis/juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. Many of the studies were done on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Serum cortisol decreased within hours with a nadir after usually 24-48 h following the IACI. Recovery to baseline takes 1-4 weeks and sometimes longer depending on the type and dose of IACI and on the number of injected joints. Serum cortisol levels were blunted following adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation in a small proportion of patients following methylprednisolone acetate injection and more common following other preparations. IACI resulted in a transient increase in blood glucose levels over few days in controlled diabetic patients with knee osteoarthritis. Peak levels are around 300 mg%. IACIs are associated with reduction in inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate that start few days following the IACI and could last for months. The effect on inflammatory cytokines is immediate with significant decrease within hours. IACI may induce remission also in patients with oligo-/polyarthritis and/or in patients with extra-articular manifestations. Other metabolic, hematologic, vascular, allergic, visual, psychologic, and other effects were also reported.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.