ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Weak, strong, and coherent regimes of Fröhlich condensation and their applications to terahertz medicine and quantum consciousness.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Terahertz liquid networks: a mesoscopic passive architecture for circumventing physical deadlocks in brain-computer interfaces.Nanoscale advances · 2026Review
- Hamiltonian Dynamics and Fundamental Phenomena in Biophysics: A Review.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Self-referential processing as the biological switch between classical and quantum functioning of the brain.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- A Unified Model of Consciousness: Glycoprotein Patterns in Memory Processes and Quantum Entanglement.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Unveiling long-range forces in light-harvesting proteins: Pivotal roles of temperature and light.Science advances · 2025Article
- Effect of terahertz radiation on cells and cellular structures.Frontiers of optoelectronics · 2025Review
- A quantum microtubule substrate of consciousness is experimentally supported and solves the binding and epiphenomenalism problems.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- Toward a holographic brain paradigm: a lipid-centric model of brain functioning.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Probing the existence of non-thermal Terahertz radiation induced changes of the protein solution structure.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Clustering of atomic displacement parameters in bovine trypsin reveals a distributed lattice of atoms with shared chemical properties.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Semi-classical statistical description of Fröhlich condensation.Journal of biological physics · 2017Article
- Solving the Measurement Problem and then Steppin' Out over the Line Riding the Rarest Italian: Crossing the Streams to Retrieve Stable Bioactivity in Majorana Bound States of Dialy zed Human Platelet Lysates.The open neurology journal · 2015Article
- Can We Advance Macroscopic Quantum Systems Outside the Framework of Complex Decoherence Theory?Journal of computer science and systems biology · 2014Article
- Basis for a neuronal version of Grover's quantum algorithm.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2014Article
- Millimeter Wave Radiations Affect Membrane Hydration in Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2013Article
- Ciliates learn to diagnose and correct classical error syndromes in mating strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Article
- Biophysical insights into cancer transformation and treatment.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2013Article
- Cancer physics: diagnostics based on damped cellular elastoelectrical vibrations in microtubules.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2011Article
- Arrhenius-kinetics evidence for quantum tunneling in microbial "social" decision rates.Communicative & integrative biology · 2010Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
In 1968, Fröhlich showed that a driven set of oscillators can condense with nearly all of the supplied energy activating the vibrational mode of lowest frequency. This is a remarkable property usually compared with Bose-Einstein condensation, superconductivity, lasing, and other unique phenomena involving macroscopic quantum coherence. However, despite intense research, no unambiguous example has been documented. We determine the most likely experimental signatures of Fröhlich condensation and show that they are significant features remote from the extraordinary properties normally envisaged. Fröhlich condensates are classified into 3 types: weak condensates in which profound effects on chemical kinetics are possible, strong condensates in which an extremely large amount of energy is channeled into 1 vibrational mode, and coherent condensates in which this energy is placed in a single quantum state. Coherent condensates are shown to involve extremely large energies, to not be produced by the Wu-Austin dynamical Hamiltonian that provides the simplest depiction of Fröhlich condensates formed using mechanically supplied energy, and to be extremely fragile. They are inaccessible in a biological environment. Hence the Penrose-Hameroff orchestrated objective-reduction model and related theories for cognitive function that embody coherent Fröhlich condensation as an essential element are untenable. Weak condensates, however, may have profound effects on chemical and enzyme kinetics, and may be produced from biochemical energy or from radio frequency, microwave, or terahertz radiation. Pokorný's observed 8.085-MHz microtubulin resonance is identified as a possible candidate, with microwave reactors (green chemistry) and terahertz medicine appearing as other feasible sources.
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