ReviewPhysiology & behavior2009
Genetic, epigenetic and environmental impact on sex differences in social behavior.
Review in Physiology & behavior, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiota restructured by social isolation: Evidence for sex-specific response patterns.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Derepression of transposable elements in the mouse prefrontal cortex disrupts social behavior.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Brain Gene Regulatory Networks Coordinate Nest Construction in Birds.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- A permutation-based approach using a rank-based statistic to identify sex differences in epigenetics.Scientific reports · 2023Review
- Social aging trajectories are sex-specific, sensitive to adolescent stress, and most robustly revealed during social tests with familiar stimuli.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Conducting epigenetics research with refugees and asylum seekers: attending to the ethical challenges.Clinical epigenetics · 2021Review
- A Glimpse Into the Sexual Dimorphisms in Major Depressive Disorder Through Epigenetic Studies.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2021Review
- Neurobiological Bases of Social Networks.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Review
- The pervasive effects of timing of parental mental health disorders on adolescent deliberate self-harm risk.PloS one · 2019Article
- Prenatal and postnatal bisphenol A exposure and social impairment in 4-year-old children.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2017Article
- Ovarian hormones and obesity.Human reproduction update · 2017Review
- Seeding Stress Resilience through Inoculation.Neural plasticity · 2016Review
- Sex differences in animal models of psychiatric disorders.British journal of pharmacology · 2014Review
- Sex differences in the physiology of eating.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2013Review
- Transgenerational effects of prenatal bisphenol A on social recognition.Hormones and behavior · 2013Article
- Gestational exposure to bisphenol a produces transgenerational changes in behaviors and gene expression.Endocrinology · 2012Article
- Male or Female? Brains are Intersex.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2011Article
- Aggression and anxiety: social context and neurobiological links.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The field of behavioral neuroendocrinology has generated thousands of studies that indicate differences in brain structure and reactivity to gonadal steroids that produce sex-specific patterns of social behavior. However, rapidly emerging evidence shows that genetic polymorphisms and resulting differences in the expression of neuroactive peptides and receptors as well as early-life experience and epigenetic changes are important modifiers of social behavior. Furthermore, due to its inherent complexity, the neurochemical mechanisms underlying sex differences in social behavior are usually studied in a tightly regulated laboratory setting rather than in complex environments. Importantly, specific hormones may elicit a range of different behaviors depending on the cues present in these environments. For example, individuals exposed to a psychosocial stressor may respond differently to the effects of a gonadal steroid than those not exposed to chronic stress. The objective of this review is not to re-examine the activational effects of hormones on sex differences in social behavior but rather to consider how genetic and environmental factors modify the effects of hormones on behavior. We will focus on estrogen and its receptors but consideration is also given to the role of androgens. Furthermore, we have limited our discussions to the importance of oxytocin and vasopressin as targets of gonadal steroids and how these effects are modified by genetic and experiential situations. Taken together, the data clearly underscore the need to expand research initiatives to consider gene-environment interactions for better understanding of the neurobiology of sex differences in social behavior.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.