ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2009
Intrinsic defect of the immune system in children with Down syndrome: a review.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 250 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salivary lactoferrin as biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: Brain-immunity interactions.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2020Pooled it
- Thyroid hormone and folinic acid in young children with Down syndrome: the phase 3 ACTHYF trial.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2020Trial
- Thymic Epithelium Abnormalities in DiGeorge and Down Syndrome Patients Contribute to Dysregulation in T Cell Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Dysregulated miR-155 and miR-125b Are Related to Impaired B-cell Responses in Down Syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Reduced numbers of switched memory B cells with high terminal differentiation potential in Down syndrome.European journal of immunology · 2015Trial
- Myelosuppression and infectious complications in children with Down syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2012Trial
- Efficacy of a Microencapsulated Sugar-Free Probiotic Oral Rinse on Gingival Health and Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinases 8 and 9 in Children With Down Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric DentistryTrial
- Clinical considerations for immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency in Down syndrome.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- Lower pneumococcal IgG levels and respiratory hospitalisation in children with Down syndrome; an exploratory study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Immune Dysregulation in Down Syndrome: Implications for Infectious Susceptibility and Vaccine Response.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Respiratory and airway disorders in children with Down Syndrome: a review of the clinical challenges and management.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- H1N1-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a child with Down syndrome: A clinical challenge.Qatar medical journal · 2025Article
- Selective IgM deficiency: evaluation of 75 patients according to different diagnostic criteria.Immunologic research · 2024Observational
- L'allergie aux protéines du lait de vache chez les nourrissons et les enfants.Paediatrics & child health · 2024Review
- Cow's milk protein allergy in infants and children.Paediatrics & child health · 2024Review
- General Dietary Recommendations for People with Down Syndrome.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Trisomy 21-driven metabolite alterations are linked to cellular injuries in Down syndrome.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children with Down Syndrome: A Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia in a Patient with Down Syndrome.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Food protein-induced enteropathy: a revision for the clinician.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent cause of mental retardation in man. Immunological changes in DS have been observed since the 1970s. The neurological system appears to be ageing precociously, with early occurrence of Alzheimer disease; until now, the observed immunological differences have been interpreted in the same context. Looking back at past and present results of immunological studies in DS children in relation to the clinical consequences they suffer, we conclude that it is more likely that the DS immune system is intrinsically deficient from the very beginning.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.