ArticleImmunity2009
Cytokine-producing effector B cells regulate type 2 immunity to H. polygyrus.
Article in Immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 201 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between interleukin-2 cytokine levels and Plasmodium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of CD20+ B-cell infiltration into allografts on kidney transplantation outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Temporal and transcriptional programming of effector memory B cells shapes vaccine platform-dependent humoral immunity.iScience · 2026Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveal PD-1-loss-driven immune dysregulation of pulmonary lymphocytes during earlyMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- A viral glycoprotein targets IgGEMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and CCL5 Secreted by Infiltrating B Cells Promote Cell Migration of Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Immunoglobulin M regulates airway hyperresponsiveness independent of T helper 2 allergic inflammation.eLife · 2025Article
- Outer Membrane Vesicles AttenuateMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Developing a Human Immune-Endothelial Coculture Model for Inflammatory Vasculitis and Drug Screening.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Adoptive Transfer of B Cells In Vivo for Assessment of Their Immune Function.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- The role of IL-2 in type 2 immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- TIM-4 Identifies Effector B Cells Expressing a RORγt-Driven Proinflammatory Cytokine Module That Promotes Immune Responsiveness.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Key oncogenic signaling pathways affecting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma: basic principles and recent advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Inflammation in Prostate Cancer: Exploring the Promising Role of Phenolic Compounds as an Innovative Therapeutic Approach.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Genetic mapping revealsScience immunology · 2023Article
- Roles and mechanisms of tumour-infiltrating B cells in human cancer: a new force in immunotherapy.Biomarker research · 2023Review
- Initiation of type 2 immunity at barrier surfaces.Mucosal immunology · 2023Review
- Chitinase-3-like 1 regulates TFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Context-dependent effects of IL-2 rewire immunity into distinct cellular circuits.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
- B Cell IL-4 Drives Th2 ResponsesFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunity to the intestinal parasite Heligomosomoides polygyrus is dependent on the successful generation of T helper 2 (Th2) memory cells. We showed that B cells contribute to immunity against H. polygyrus by producing antibody (Ab) and by promoting expansion and differentiation of primary and memory Th2 cells. We also demonstrated that cytokine-producing effector B cells were essential for effective immunity to H. polygyrus. Tumor necrosis factor alpha production by B cells was necessary for sustained Ab production, whereas interleukin 2 production by B cells was necessary for Th2 cell expansion and differentiation. These results show that B cells mediate protection from pathogens not only by presenting antigen and secreting antibody but also by producing cytokines that regulate the quality and magnitude of humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.