ArticlePLoS pathogens2009
Nonrandom distribution of vector ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) infected by Francisella tularensis.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Features of Consistent Powassan Virus Lineage II Focus in Southern Maine, United States.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Deer Tick Virus (Powassan Virus, Lineage II) in Ixodes scapularis Ticks in Five Habitats at a Nature Reserve in Southern Maine, United States.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Tick-Borne Co-Infections: Challenges in Molecular and Serologic Diagnoses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Mitochondrial Genomes of the American Dog Tick (Dermacentor variabilis) Isolated from Horses in the Midwestern United States.Microbiology resource announcements · 2023Article
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- Why vary what's working? Phase variation and biofilm formation inFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Tick and Tickborne Pathogen Surveillance as a Public Health Tool in the United States.Journal of medical entomology · 2021Review
- Perpetuation of Borreliae.Current issues in molecular biology · 2021Article
- APathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Mechanisms Affecting the Acquisition, Persistence and Transmission ofMicroorganisms · 2020Review
- Epidemiologic and Epizootic Data of Tularemia in the Past and in the Recent History in Croatia.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Ecology ofAnnual review of entomology · 2020Review
- Ticks and Tularemia: Do We Know What We Don't Know?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Francisella tularensis novicida infection competence differs in cell lines derived from United States populations of Dermacentor andersoni and Ixodes scapularis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Molecular Survey of Tularemia and Plague in Small Mammals From Iran.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- Long-range dispersal movedMicrobial genomics · 2016Article
- Short day-triggered quiescence promotes water conservation in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2016Article
- Burkholderia Diffusible Signal Factor Signals to Francisella novicida To Disperse Biofilm and Increase Siderophore Production.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- The status of tularemia in Europe in a one-health context: a review.Epidemiology and infection · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, is the site of a sustained outbreak of tularemia due to Francisella tularensis tularensis. Dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis, appear to be critical in the perpetuation of the agent there. Tularemia has long been characterized as an agent of natural focality, stably persisting in characteristic sites of transmission, but this suggestion has never been rigorously tested. Accordingly, we sought to identify a natural focus of transmission of the agent of tularemia by mapping the distribution of PCR-positive ticks. From 2004 to 2007, questing D. variabilis were collected from 85 individual waypoints along a 1.5 km transect in a field site on Martha's Vineyard. The positions of PCR-positive ticks were then mapped using ArcGIS. Cluster analysis identified an area approximately 290 meters in diameter, 9 waypoints, that was significantly more likely to yield PCR-positive ticks (relative risk 3.3, P = 0.001) than the rest of the field site. Genotyping of F. tularensis using variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis on PCR-positive ticks yielded 13 different haplotypes, the vast majority of which was one dominant haplotype. Positive ticks collected in the cluster were 3.4 times (relative risk = 3.4, P<0.0001) more likely to have an uncommon haplotype than those collected elsewhere from the transect. We conclude that we have identified a microfocus where the agent of tularemia stably perpetuates and that this area is where genetic diversity is generated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.