Trial reportSocial cognitive and affective neuroscience2009
Noradrenergic enhancement of amygdala responses to fear.
Trial report in Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fear expression is suppressed by tyrosine administration.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Interindividual differences in stress sensitivity: basal and stress-induced cortisol levels differentially predict neural vigilance processing under stress.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2016Trial
- Local and Global Resting State Activity in the Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Pathway Modulated by Reboxetine and Amisulpride in Healthy Subjects.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- No evidence for enhanced extinction memory consolidation through noradrenergic reuptake inhibition-delayed memory test and reinstatement in human fMRI.Psychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- Pre-encoding administration of amphetamine or THC preferentially modulates emotional memory in humans.Psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Serotonergic and noradrenergic modulation of emotion processing by single dose antidepressants.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2010Trial
- Neural correlates and sex hormonal associations of impaired feedback-learning in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa - a longitudinal fMRI study.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Stress-Responsive Neuronal Ensembles and β-Adrenergic Signaling in the Basolateral Amygdala Modulate the Infralimbic Cortical Activity and Govern the Delayed Stress-Induced Fear Extinction Deficit.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Noradrenergic modulation of stress induced catecholamine release: Opposing influence of FG7142 and yohimbine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Stress, associative learning, and decision-making.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2023Review
- Functional neuroanatomy of monoaminergic systems in the basolateral nuclear complex of the amygdala: Neuronal targets, receptors, and circuits.Journal of neuroscience research · 2023Review
- A pharmacological challenge paradigm to assess neural signatures of script-elicited acute dissociation in women with post-traumatic stress disorder.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- A mechanistic model for individualised treatment of anxiety disorders based on predictive neural biomarkers.Psychological medicine · 2020Review
- COMTVal158Met Genotype Affects Complex Emotion Recognition in Healthy Men and Women.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Article
- Cortisol responses enhance negative valence perception for ambiguous facial expressions.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Neurobiology of fear and specific phobias.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2017Review
- Localization of the delta opioid receptor and corticotropin-releasing factor in the amygdalar complex: role in anxiety.Brain structure & function · 2017Article
- Fear conditioning selectively disrupts noradrenergic facilitation of GABAergic inhibition in the basolateral amygdala.Neuropharmacology · 2017Article
- Healthy individuals treated with clomipramine: an fMRI study of brain activity during autobiographical recall of emotions.Translational psychiatry · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence implicate the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the noradrenergic (norepinephrine, NE) system in responding to stressful stimuli such as fear signals, suggesting hyperfunction of both in the development of stress-related pathologies including anxiety disorders. However, no causative link between elevated NE neurotransmission and BLA hyperresponsiveness to fear signals has been established to date in humans. To determine whether or not increased noradrenergic tone enhances BLA responses to fear signals, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a strategy of pharmacologically potentiating NE neurotransmission in healthy volunteers. 18 subjects were scanned two times on a facial emotion paradigm and given either a single-dose placebo or 4 mg of the selective NE reuptake inhibitor reboxetine 2 h prior to an fMRI session. We found that reboxetine induced an amygdala response bias towards fear signals that did not exist at placebo baseline. This pharmacological effect was probabilistically mapped to the BLA. Extrapolation of our data to conditions of traumatic stress suggests that disinhibited endogenous NE signaling could serve as a crucial etiological contributor to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by eliciting exaggerated BLA responses to fear signals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.