ReviewCurrent opinion in immunology2009
Mechanism of action of clinically approved adjuvants.
Review in Current opinion in immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 350 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts.Critical reviews in toxicology · 2014Pooled it
- Selection of an adjuvant for seasonal influenza vaccine in elderly people: modelling immunogenicity from a randomized trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2013Trial
- TLR2 in pleural fluid is modulated by talc particles during pleurodesis.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Trial
- Impact of Metabolic States on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Responses in Mouse Models of Obesity and Diabetes.COVID · 2025Article
- Conformations of membrane human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins solubilized in Amphipol A18 lipid-nanodiscs.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Article
- Water-Soluble and Freezable Aluminum Salt Vaccine Adjuvant.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Vaccine adjuvants: current status, research and development, licensing, and future opportunities.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2024Review
- Gaston Ramon's Big Four.Toxins · 2024Article
- Application of Nanoparticles for Immunotherapy of Allergic Rhinitis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Current Vaccination Practice in Diabetic (Diabetes I) Patients.Current diabetes reviews · 2024Review
- Co-formulation of the rF1V plague vaccine with depot-formulated cytokines enhances immunogenicity and efficacy to elicit protective responses against aerosol challenge in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Recombinant lipidated FLIPr effectively enhances mucosal and systemic immune responses for various vaccine types.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Increased hepatic interleukin-1, arachidonic acid, and reactive oxygen species mediate the protective potential of peptides shared by gut cysteine peptidases against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Liposomal Formulations of a Polyleucine-Antigen Conjugate as Therapeutic Vaccines against Cervical Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- New-age vaccine adjuvants, their development, and future perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Cleaner synthesis of preclinically validated vaccine adjuvants.Frontiers in chemistry · 2023Article
- Article
- Vaccine for Diabetes-Where Do We Stand?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines-Antigen Discovery and Adjuvant Delivery Platforms.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aluminum-containing adjuvants continue to be the most widely used adjuvants for human use. In the last year a major breakthrough has been the realization that alum adjuvant triggers an ancient pathway of innate recognition of crystals in monocytes and triggers them to become immunogenic dendritic cells, nature's adjuvant. This recognition can occur directly, via the triggering of the NALP3 inflammasome by alum crystals, or indirectly through release of the endogenous danger signal uric acid. It is also clear now that adjuvants trigger the stromal cells at the site of injection, leading to the necessary chemokines that attract the innate immune cells to the site of injection. How exactly these pathways interact remains to be determined.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.