ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2009
A viscerally driven cachexia syndrome in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: contributions of organ and tumor mass to whole-body energy demands.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The underexplored links between cancer and the internal body climate: Implications for cancer prevention and treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- The role of computed tomography in evaluating body composition and the influence of reduced muscle mass on clinical outcome in abdominal malignancy: a systematic review.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Pooled it
- Trajectory of body mass and skeletal muscle indices and disease progression in metastatic colorectal cancer patients.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- No evidence for changes in skeletal muscle mass or weight during first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.BMC cancer · 2019Trial
- Phase I/II trial of formoterol fumarate combined with megestrol acetate in cachectic patients with advanced malignancy.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2014Trial
- Skeletal muscle anabolism is a side effect of therapy with the MEK inhibitor: selumetinib in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.British journal of cancer · 2012Trial
- Pre-therapeutic prediction of cachexia in lymphoma patients using [European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Changes in levels of endocannabinoidome mediators in mice with cancer cachexia: links with steatosis and gut microbial dysbiosis.BJC reports · 2026Article
- "Paradoxical" prognostic role of the TyG index and a novel machine learning-derived nomogram for colorectal cancer liver metastases.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Cachexia-induced reprogramming of visceral organ metabolism by human pancreatic cancer xenografts.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Cancer-Associated Cachexia: Bridging Clinical Findings with Mechanistic Insights in Human Studies.Cancer discovery · 2025Review
- Medicinal plants: nutritional, immunological and therapeutic role in treating cancer-related malnutrition: a comprehensive review.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Imaging Cancer-associated Cachexia: Utilizing Clinical Imaging Modalities for Early Diagnosis.Radiology. Imaging cancer · 2025Review
- Impact of metabolic and nutritional disorders on the synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Not all colon cancer patients with preoperative hyperinflammatory status are at high risk of muscle loss and poor prognosis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2025Article
- The Influence of the Sympathetic Nervous System on Cardiometabolic Health in Response to Weight Gain or Weight Loss.Metabolites · 2025Review
- The velocity of temporalis muscle wasting in cerebral metastasis is prognostic for poor survival.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Advancing the Understanding and Treatment of Cancer Cachexia: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Approaches, and Future Opportunities.Cancer management and research · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of drug resistance in nutrient-depleted colorectal cancer cells: insights into lysosomal and mitochondrial drug sequestration.Biology open · 2024Review
- Hepatic signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 signalling drives early-stage pancreatic cancer cachexia via suppressed ketogenesis.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCancer cachexia-associated weight loss is poorly understood; energetically demanding tissues (eg, organ and tumor mass) and resting energy expenditure (REE) are reported to increase with advanced cancer.
objectiveThe objective was to quantify the potential contribution of increasing masses of energetically demanding tissues to REE with colorectal cancer cachexia progression.
designA longitudinal computed tomography (CT) image review was performed to quantify organ size (liver, including metastases, and spleen) and peripheral tissues (skeletal muscle and adipose tissue) during colorectal cancer cachexia progression (n = 34). Body composition was prospectively evaluated by CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and REE was determined by indirect calorimetry in advanced colorectal cancer patients (n = 18).
resultsEleven months from death, the liver (2.3 +/- 0.7 kg) and spleen (0.32 +/- 0.2 kg) were larger than reference values. One month from death, liver weight increased to 3.0 +/- 1.5 kg (P = 0.010), spleen showed a trend to increase (P = 0.077), and concurrent losses of muscle (4.2 kg) and fat (3.5 kg) (P < 0.05) were observed. The estimated percentage of fat-free mass (FFM) occupied by the liver increased from 4.5% to 7.0% (P < 0.001). The most rapid loss of peripheral tissues and liver and metastases gain occurred within 3 mo of death. A positive linear relation existed between liver mass and measured whole-body REE (r(2) = 0.35, P = 0.010); because liver accounted for a larger percentage of FFM, measured REE . kg FFM(-1) . d(-1) increased (r(2) = 0.35, P = 0.010).
conclusionsIncreases in mass and in the proportion of high metabolic rate tissues, including liver and tumor, represented a cumulative incremental REE of approximately 17,700 kcal during the last 3 mo of life and may contribute substantially to cachexia-associated weight loss.
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