ArticlePloS one2009
Evidence for directional selection at a novel major histocompatibility class I marker in wild common frogs (Rana temporaria) exposed to a viral pathogen (Ranavirus).
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- MHC Diversity Across Time and Space.Ecology and evolution · 2025Review
- Age- and dose-dependent susceptibility of axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) by bath exposure to Ambystoma tigrinum virus (ATV).Virology · 2023Article
- The amphibian immune system.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Understanding the evolution of immune genes in jawed vertebrates.Journal of evolutionary biology · 2023Review
- Signature selection forces and evolutionary divergence of immune-survival genes compared between two important shrimp species.PloS one · 2023Article
- Selection and demography drive range-wide patterns of MHC-DRB variation in mule deer.BMC ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- TLR5-Mediated Reactivation of Quiescent Ranavirus FV3 inJournal of virology · 2021Article
- The Immune System and the Antiviral Responses in Chinese Giant Salamander,Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Article
- Evolutionary principles guiding amphibian conservation.Evolutionary applications · 2020Review
- Depauperate major histocompatibility complex variation in the endangered reticulated flatwoods salamander (Ambystoma bishopi).Immunogenetics · 2020Article
- TheAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2019Article
- Article
- Functional variation at an expressed MHC class IIβ locus associates with Ranavirus infection intensity in larval anuran populations.Immunogenetics · 2019Article
- Outbreaks of an Emerging Viral Disease Covary With Differences in the Composition of the Skin Microbiome of a Wild United Kingdom Amphibian.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Positive selection and climatic effects on MHC class II gene diversity in hares (Lepus capensis) from a steep ecological gradient.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Article
- Review of the Amphibian Immune Response to Chytridiomycosis, and Future Directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- A Severe Ranavirus Outbreak in Captive, Wild-Caught Box Turtles.EcoHealth · 2017Article
- Xenopus-FV3 host-pathogen interactions and immune evasion.Virology · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Whilst the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is well characterized in the anuran Xenopus, this region has not previously been studied in another popular model species, the common frog (Rana temporaria). Nor, to date, have there been any studies of MHC in wild amphibian host-pathogen systems. We characterise an MHC class I locus in the common frog, and present primers to amplify both the whole region, and specifically the antigen binding region. As no more than two expressed haplotypes were found in over 400 clones from 66 individuals, it is likely that there is a single class I locus in this species. This finding is consistent with the single class I locus in Xenopus, but contrasts with the multiple loci identified in axolotls, providing evidence that the diversification of MHC class I into multiple loci likely occurred after the Caudata/Anura divergence (approximately 350 million years ago) but before the Ranidae/Pipidae divergence (approximately 230 mya). We use this locus to compare wild populations of common frogs that have been infected with a viral pathogen (Ranavirus) with those that have no history of infection. We demonstrate that certain MHC supertypes are associated with infection status (even after accounting for shared ancestry), and that the diseased populations have more similar supertype frequencies (lower F(ST)) than the uninfected. These patterns were not seen in a suite of putatively neutral microsatellite loci. We interpret this pattern at the MHC locus to indicate that the disease has imposed selection for particular haplotypes, and hence that common frogs may be adapting to the presence of Ranavirus, which currently kills tens of thousands of amphibians in the UK each year.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.