ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2009
B-cell responses to vaccination at the extremes of age.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 344 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
344 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2021Pooled it
- Interventions to improve oral vaccine performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Evaluation of waning of IgG antibody responses after rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP and Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola virus disease vaccines: a modelling study from the PREVAC randomized trial.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Trial
- Multiple vaccine comparison in the same adults reveals vaccine-specific and age-related humoral response patterns: an open phase IV trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Rituximab pediatric drug development: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling to inform regulatory approval for rituximab treatment in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis or microscopic polyangiitis.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV, in people younger than 18 years: a randomised, double-blind, controlled, phase 1/2 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Humoral and cellular immunogenicity and safety following a booster dose of a tetravalent dengue vaccine 5+ years after completion of the primary series in Singapore: 2-year follow-up of a randomized phase II, placebo-controlled trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Trial
- CD19+IgD+CD27- Naïve B Cells as Predictors of Humoral Response to COVID 19 mRNA Vaccination in Immunocompromised Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- T-cell responses to primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Down syndrome - From childhood to adulthood.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Observational
- Rescuing age-associated vaccine hyporesponsiveness in murine and nonhuman primate models with an immunostimulatory vaccine adjuvant.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Protective near-germline antibodies to malaria elicited by RTS,S/AS01bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- Reduced inflammatory and Th1 transcriptional profiles in geriatric versus adult cotton rats infected with respiratory syncytial virus.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Persistence of memory: lifespan dynamics of the human antiviral antibody reactome.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Active tuberculosis disease in pregnancy alters frequencies of B-cell subsets among exposed neonates in Uganda.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Kinetics of antibodies and risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection: a longitudinal cohort in Taizhou City, eastern China.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Large-scale paired chain BCR analysis reveals antibody clonal family inference bias and enhances resolution with machine learning.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Intestinal Mucosal Immune Responses to Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Type 2 in Healthy Newborns.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Respiratory virus immune response in the aged host.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Review
284 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infants and the elderly share a high vulnerability to infections and therefore have specific immunization requirements. Inducing potent and sustained B-cell responses is as challenging in infants as it is in older subjects. Several mechanisms to explain the decreased B-cell responses at the extremes of age apply to both infants and the elderly. These include intrinsic B-cell limitations as well as numerous microenvironmental factors in lymphoid organs and the bone marrow. This Review describes the mechanisms that shape B-cell responses at the extremes of age and how they could be taken into account to design more effective immunization strategies for these high-risk age groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
19240757What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.