ReviewEuropean journal of pediatrics2009
Clinical practice: treatment of childhood empyema.
Review in European journal of pediatrics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early Versus Late(r) Administration of Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy in Children with Empyema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Indian pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical outcome of parapneumonic empyema in children treated according to a standardized medical treatment.European journal of pediatrics · 2014Trial
- Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy in the Management of Pediatric Pleural Empyema: A Narrative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pleural drainage vs video-assisted thoracoscopic debridement in children affected by pleural empyema.Pediatric surgery international · 2023Article
- Article
- Pleural Tap-Guided Antimicrobial Treatment for Pneumonia with Parapneumonic Effusion or Pleural Empyema in Children: A Single-Center Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Childhood community-acquired pneumonia: A review of etiology- and antimicrobial treatment studies.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2018Review
- Article
- Radiology in paediatric non-traumatic thoracic emergencies.Insights into imaging · 2011Article
- Bilateral reexpansion pulmonary edema associated with pleural empyema: a case report.European journal of pediatrics · 2011Article
- Thoracic empyema with scarlatiniform rash and acral desquamation: a case report.Cases journal · 2009Article
- Paediatric interventional radiology.Pediatric radiology · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe incidence of empyema in children is increasing. Adequate knowledge of treatment modalities is therefore essential for every pediatrician. At the university hospital of Leuven, the incidence per 100,000 admissions increased from 40 in 1993 to 120 in 2005. The treatment of choice, however, is still a matter of debate. This is mainly due to the scarcity of prospective randomized trials in children but is further complicated by the absence of uniform terminology. This review starts with clarifying definitions of empyema and complicated versus noncomplicated parapneumonic effusion. The place of different imaging techniques--ultrasound, chest X-ray, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging--is illustrated. All treatment steps are evaluated starting with antibiotic choices, duration of i.v. and oral antibiotics, pleural fluid analysis, indications for chest drain placement, and fibrinolysis. As to the surgical interventions, there is at present insufficient evidence that early surgery is superior to noninvasive medical treatment. Therefore, video-assisted thoracoscopy cannot be advised as general first-line therapy.
conclusionSince the pathogenicity of empyema is a dynamic process, therapeutic strategy must be decided based on empyema stage and clinical experience. Each referral center should agree on a diagnostic and therapeutic flowchart based on current evidence and local expertise. The flow chart outlined for our center is presented.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.