ArticleEuropean journal of pediatrics2009
Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children based on WHO clinical guidelines.
Article in European journal of pediatrics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hospital utilization rates for influenza and RSV: a novel approach and critical assessment.Population health metrics · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of Atypical Pathogens in Patients With Cough and Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis.Annals of family medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Incidence of viral infection detected by PCR and real-time PCR in childhood community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2015Pooled it
- Incidence of respiratory viral infections detected by PCR and real-time PCR in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Viral etiology of hospitalized acute lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age -- a systematic review and meta-analysis.Croatian medical journal · 2013Pooled it
- The kinetic profiles of copeptin and mid regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) in pediatric lower respiratory tract infections.PloS one · 2022Trial
- A three-step diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia at the emergency department using clinical predictors, C-reactive protein, and pneumococcal PCR.European journal of pediatrics · 2017Trial
- Cause-variations in neonatal mortality across Europe and Africa; evidence from a 20-year retrospective dataset and clinical practice guidelines.Dialogues in health · 2026Article
- Risk of Incidence and Lethality by Etiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Hospitalized Children Under 1 Year of Age in Brazil in 2024: A Cross-Sectional Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Pathogen spectra in hospitalised and nonhospitalised children with community-acquired pneumonia.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- The rapid detection of respiratory pathogens in critically ill children.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Observational
- Article
- Etiology and the challenge of diagnostic testing of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adolescents.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Viral and Atypical Bacterial Detection in Young Nepalese Children Hospitalized with Severe Pneumonia.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- A Prospective Study of Etiological Agents Among Febrile Patients in Sierra Leone.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Routinely Available Biomarkers to Predict Bacteremia in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Secondary Analysis of the GPIP/ACTIV Pneumonia Study in France, 2009-2018.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Density during Asymptomatic Respiratory Virus Infection and Risk for Subsequent Acute Respiratory Illness.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Impact and clinical profiles of Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-detection in childhood community-acquired pneumonia.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- The microbiological characteristics of lower respiratory tract infection in patients with neuromuscular disorders: An investigation based on a multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect viruses and a clone library analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence in sputum samples.Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi · 2019Article
- Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of death in developing countries and of morbidity in developed countries. The objective of the study was to define the causative agents among children hospitalized for CAP defined by WHO guidelines and to correlate etiology with clinical severity and surrogate markers. Investigations included an extensive etiological workup. A potential causative agent was detected in 86% of the 99 enrolled patients, with evidence of bacterial (53%), viral (67%), and mixed (33%) infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae was accounted for in 46% of CAP. Dehydration was the only clinical sign associated with bacterial pneumonia. CRP and PCT were significantly higher in bacterial infections. Increasing the number of diagnostic tests identifies potential causes of CAP in up to 86% of children, indicating a high prevalence of viruses and frequent co-infections. The high proportion of pneumococcal infections re-emphasizes the importance of pneumococcal immunization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.