ReviewImmunogenetics2009
Molecular evolution of the antiretroviral TRIM5 gene.
Review in Immunogenetics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- To TRIM the Immunity: From Innate to Adaptive Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Restraint of Powassan virus replication by TRIM5α facilitates viral avoidance of antiviral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 infection in an immunocompetent monkey model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Adaptation of CD4 in gorillas and chimpanzees conveyed resistance to simian immunodeficiency viruses.eLife · 2025Article
- Cyclophilin A Regulates Tripartite Motif 5 Alpha Restriction of HIV-1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mapping of susceptibility loci for Ebola virus pathogenesis in mice.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Capsid-dependent lentiviral restrictions.Journal of virology · 2024Review
- Article
- Elucidation of the Complicated Scenario of Primate APOBEC3 Gene Evolution.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Positive natural selection in primate genes of the type I interferon response.BMC ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Not so unique to Primates: The independent adaptive evolution of TRIM5 in Lagomorpha lineage.PloS one · 2019Article
- Article
- Prospects in Innate Immune Responses as Potential Control Strategies against Non-Primate Lentiviruses.Viruses · 2018Review
- Evolution-Guided Structural and Functional Analyses of the HERC Family Reveal an Ancient Marine Origin and Determinants of Antiviral Activity.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Effects of Inner Nuclear Membrane Proteins SUN1/UNC-84A and SUN2/UNC-84B on the Early Steps of HIV-1 Infection.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Expression levels of Fv1: effects on retroviral restriction specificities.Retrovirology · 2016Article
- Tripartite Motif (TRIM) 12c, a Mouse Homolog of TRIM5, Is a Ubiquitin Ligase That Stimulates Type I IFN and NF-κB Pathways along with TNFR-Associated Factor 6.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Evolutionary Analyses Suggest a Function of MxB Immunity Proteins Beyond Lentivirus Restriction.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Early Vertebrate Evolution of the Host Restriction Factor Tetherin.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- The innate immune roles of host factors TRIM5α and Cyclophilin A on HIV-1 replication.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2015Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2004, the first report of TRIM5alpha as a cellular antiretroviral factor triggered intense interest among virologists, particularly because some primate orthologs of TRIM5alpha have activity against HIV. Since that time, a complex and eventful evolutionary history of the TRIM5 locus has emerged. A review of the TRIM5 literature constitutes a veritable compendium of evolutionary phenomena, including elevated rates of nonsynonymous substitution, divergence in subdomains due to short insertions and deletions, expansions and contractions in gene copy number, pseudogenization, balanced polymorphism, trans-species polymorphism, convergent evolution, and the acquisition of new domains by exon capture. Unlike most genes, whose history is dominated by long periods of purifying selection interspersed with rare instances of genetic innovation, analysis of restriction factor loci is likely to be complicated by the unpredictable and more-or-less constant influence of positive selection. In this regard, the molecular evolution and population genetics of restriction factor loci most closely resemble patterns that have been documented for immunity genes, such as class I and II MHC genes, whose products interact directly with microbial targets. While the antiretroviral activity encoded by TRIM5 provides plausible mechanistic hypotheses for these unusual evolutionary observations, evolutionary analyses have reciprocated by providing significant insights into the structure and function of the TRIM5alpha protein. Many of the lessons learned from TRIM5 should be applicable to the study of other restriction factor loci, and molecular evolutionary analysis could facilitate the discovery of new antiviral factors, particularly among the many TRIM genes whose functions remain as yet unidentified.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.