Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19237556›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009

Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta missplicing contributes to leukemia stem cell generation.

Annelie E Abrahamsson, Ifat Geron, Jason Gotlib, Kim-Hien T Dao, Charlene F Barroga, Isabel G Newton, Francis J Giles, Jeffrey Durocher, Remi S Creusot, Mobin Karimi and 6 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
135citing papers in PubMed
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

135 citing papers in PubMed, 239 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Navigating the Molecular Signaling: Deciphering Cancer Stem Cell Self-Renewal Pathways.International journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Stem-Cell Aging and Pathways to Precancer Evolution.The New England journal of medicine · 2023
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Genomic Landscape and Potential Regulation of RNA Editing in Drug Resistance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Wnt regulation of hematopoietic stem cell development and disease.Current topics in developmental biology · 2023
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Annelie E AbrahamssonDepartment of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Ifat Geron
Jason Gotlib
Kim-Hien T Dao
Charlene F Barroga
Isabel G Newton
Francis J Giles
Jeffrey Durocher
Remi S Creusot
Mobin Karimi
Carol Jones
James L Zehnder
Armand Keating
Robert S Negrin
Irving L Weissman
Catriona H M Jamieson
Stanford University · USMoores Cancer CenterPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre · CAThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio · USTransgenomic (United States) · USUniversity of California, San Diego · US

Funding

TUMOR SPECIFIC CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES IN BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATIONP01CA049605 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI David B. Miklos · 1989 to 2026
$73.3M
HSC Diversity: Regulation by Clonal Selection vs Epigenetic InductionR01CA086065 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI WEISSMAN, IRVING L. · 2000 to 2017
$6.9M
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIAR01CA086017 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI WEISSMAN, IRVING L. · 2000 to 2015
$5.5M
FTI Biology &Treatment of Myeloproliferative DisordersK23HL004409 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GOTLIB, JASON R · 2001 to 2005
$595k
NCI NIH HHS 2P01CA49605NCI NIH HHS CA086065NCI NIH HHS CA86017NCI NIH HHS P01 CA049605NCI NIH HHS R01 CA086017NCI NIH HHS R01 CA086065NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL004409NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL04409
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that a rare population of self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSC) is responsible for cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) represents an important paradigm for understanding the genetic and epigenetic events involved in CSC production. CML progresses from a chronic phase (CP) in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that harbor the BCR-ABL translocation, to blast crisis (BC), characterized by aberrant activation of beta-catenin within granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMP). A major barrier to predicting and inhibiting blast crisis transformation has been the identification of mechanisms driving beta-catenin activation. Here we show that BC CML myeloid progenitors, in particular GMP, serially transplant leukemia in immunocompromised mice and thus are enriched for leukemia stem cells (LSC). Notably, cDNA sequencing of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulatory genes, including adenomatous polyposis coli, GSK3beta, axin 1, beta-catenin, lymphoid enhancer factor-1, cyclin D1, and c-myc, revealed a novel in-frame splice deletion of the GSK3beta kinase domain in the GMP of BC samples that was not detectable by sequencing in blasts or normal progenitors. Moreover, BC CML progenitors with misspliced GSK3beta have enhanced beta-catenin expression as well as serial engraftment potential while reintroduction of full-length GSK3beta reduces both in vitro replating and leukemic engraftment. We propose that CP CML is initiated by BCR-ABL expression in an HSC clone but that progression to BC may include missplicing of GSK3beta in GMP LSC, enabling unphosphorylated beta-catenin to participate in LSC self-renewal. Missplicing of GSK3beta represents a unique mechanism for the emergence of BC CML LSC and might provide a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target.

Indexed as

Alternative SplicingAnimalsBase SequenceBlast CrisisGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 betaGranulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor CellsHumansLeukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL PositiveMiceMolecular Sequence DataNeoplastic Stem CellsStem Cell TransplantationGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 betaGSK3B protein, humanGsk3b protein, mouse

Identifiers

PMID19237556
PMCPMC2646624
OpenAlexW2130008150

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.