ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Cleavage of Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 is required for full biologic activity.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural basis of laminin mimicry by E. coli CNF1 and its therapeutic potential for cancer immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
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- Some Examples of Bacterial Toxins as Tools.Toxins · 2024Review
- Unconventional structure and mechanisms for membrane interaction and translocation of the NF-κB-targeting toxin AIP56.Nature communications · 2023Article
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- Article
- Which bacterial toxins are worthy of validation as markers in colorectal cancer screening? A critical review.Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia · 2022Review
- Bacterial AB toxins and host-microbe interactions.Advances in microbial physiology · 2022Review
- The Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factors (CNFs)-A Family of Rho GTPase-Activating Bacterial Exotoxins.Toxins · 2021Review
- Extraintestinal PathogenicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Complete Whole Genome Sequences ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Crystal structure of bacterial cytotoxic necrotizing factor CNFThe EMBO journal · 2021Article
- Article
- CNF1-like deamidase domains: common Lego bricks among cancer-promoting immunomodulatory bacterial virulence factors.Pathogens and disease · 2018Review
- Bacterial Toxins and Targeted Brain Therapy: New Insights from Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1).International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- High Affinity Binding of Escherichia coli Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) to Lu/BCAM Adhesion Glycoprotein.Toxins · 2017Article
- RNA-based mechanisms of virulence control in Enterobacteriaceae.RNA biology · 2017Review
- Heterogeneous Family of Cyclomodulins: Smart Weapons That Allow Bacteria to Hijack the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Promote Infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
- Uropathogenic Escherichia coli-Associated Exotoxins.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) is a protein toxin produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. CNF1 constitutively activates small GTPases of the Rho family by deamidation of a glutamine, which is crucial for GTP hydrolysis. The toxin is taken up into mammalian cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and is delivered from late endosomes into the cytosol. Here, we show that an approximately 55-kDa fragment of CNF1, which contains the catalytic domain and an additional part of the toxin, is present in the cytosol. The processing of this fragment requires an acidic pH and insertion of the toxin into the endosomal membrane. We define the cleavage site region as the region located between amino acids 532 and 544 of CNF1. The data provide insight into the complex mechanism of uptake of bacterial toxins into mammalian cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.