ReviewToxicology and applied pharmacology2009
Role of oxidative stress in cadmium toxicity and carcinogenesis.
Review in Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 238 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
238 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 837 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cadmium Exposure and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.La Medicina del lavoro · 2026Pooled it
- Nifuroxazide Pretreatment Protects Against Acute CdClAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Glutathione Relevance in the Response of CiliateBiology · 2026Article
- Integrative In Silico and Experimental Analysis Reveals MT1A and HSP70 as Components of a Dual Biomarker Axis for Heavy Metal Exposure.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Berberine Attenuates Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Suppressing LDHA-Mediated Glycolytic Reprogramming and Restoring Mitochondrial TCA Cycle Metabolism.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Natural Defenses Against Cadmium Toxicity: Mechanisms and Emerging Strategies - A Review.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Article
- Trace Metal Contamination in Marine Fish Species: Implications for Food Safety and Human Health.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Cadmium exposure is associated with overexpression of the metallothionein gene and heightened urinary deoxy-guanosine and protein carbonylation status in an exposed population of West Bengal, India.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- The RNA mPlant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Metals in the human liver: An underappreciated risk factor of hepatic insulin resistance and associated pathophysiology.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Review
- Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Enhances Antioxidant Activity and Improves Testicular and Epididymal Histology in Cadmium-Exposed Prepubertal Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Coenzyme Q10 Attenuates Kidney Injury Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Cadmium Co-exposure in Rats.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Analysis of Cadmium Accumulation Characteristics Affected by Rhizosphere Bacterial Community of Two High-Quality Rice Varieties.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Association Between the Non-essential Metal Mixture and Handgrip Strength in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- AMPK Signaling Axis-Mediated Regulation of Lipid Metabolism: Ameliorative Effects of Sodium Octanoate on Intestinal Dysfunction in Hu Sheep.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Early Zinc Supplementation Enhances Epididymal Sperm Glycosylation, Endocrine Activity, and Antioxidant Activity in Rats Exposed to Cadmium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Oral Supplementation with Modified Natural Clinoptilolite Protects Against Cadmium Toxicity in ICR (CD-1) Mice.Toxics · 2025Article
- Preventive Effects of Vanillic Acid Against Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Dust Particles in Wistar Rats.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Alpha-lipoic acid, as an effective agent against toxic elements: a review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal, targeting the lung, liver, kidney, and testes following acute intoxication, and causing nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, osteotoxicity and tumors after prolonged exposures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often implicated in Cd toxicology. This minireview focused on direct evidence for the generation of free radicals in intact animals following acute Cd overload and discussed the association of ROS in chronic Cd toxicity and carcinogenesis. Cd-generated superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals in vivo have been detected by the electron spin resonance spectra, which are often accompanied by activation of redox sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-kappaB, AP-1 and Nrf2) and alteration of ROS-related gene expression. It is generally agreed upon that oxidative stress plays important roles in acute Cd poisoning. However, following long-term Cd exposure at environmentally-relevant low levels, direct evidence for oxidative stress is often obscure. Alterations in ROS-related gene expression during chronic exposures are also less significant compared to acute Cd poisoning. This is probably due to induced adaptation mechanisms (e.g., metallothionein and glutathione) following chronic Cd exposures, which in turn diminish Cd-induced oxidative stress. In chronic Cd-transformed cells, less ROS signals are detected with fluorescence probes. Acquired apoptotic tolerance renders damaged cells to proliferate with inherent oxidative DNA lesions, potentially leading to tumorigenesis. Thus, ROS are generated following acute Cd overload and play important roles in tissue damage. Adaptation to chronic Cd exposure reduces ROS production, but acquired Cd tolerance with aberrant gene expression plays important roles in chronic Cd toxicity and carcinogenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.