ArticleMolecular plant pathology2009
Visualization of novel virulence activities of the Xanthomonas type III effectors AvrBs1, AvrBs3 and AvrBs4.
Article in Molecular plant pathology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- To win the battle: the chloroplast is a key battleground in plant-pathogen interactions.Horticulture research · 2026Article
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- Article
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Secretes Proteases and Xylanases via the Xps Type II Secretion System and Outer Membrane Vesicles.Journal of bacteriology · 2015Article
- The Xanthomonas effector XopJ triggers a conditional hypersensitive response upon treatment of N. benthamiana leaves with salicylic acid.Frontiers in plant science · 2015Article
- Citrus MAF1, a repressor of RNA polymerase III, binds the Xanthomonas citri canker elicitor PthA4 and suppresses citrus canker development.Plant physiology · 2013Article
- TAL effectors: highly adaptable phytobacterial virulence factors and readily engineered DNA-targeting proteins.Trends in cell biology · 2013Review
- High throughput quantitative phenotyping of plant resistance using chlorophyll fluorescence image analysis.Plant methods · 2013Article
- The Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans translocates the CRN8 kinase into host plant cells.PLoS pathogens · 2012Article
- Article
- Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in citrus leaves: a rapid tool for gene expression and functional gene assay.Plant cell reports · 2011Article
- The type III effectors of Xanthomonas.Molecular plant pathology · 2009Review
- In planta expression screens of Phytophthora infestans RXLR effectors reveal diverse phenotypes, including activation of the Solanum bulbocastanum disease resistance protein Rpi-blb2.The Plant cell · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria secretes at least 20 effector proteins through the type III secretion system directly into plant cells. In this study, we uncovered virulence activities of the effector proteins AvrBs1, AvrBs3 and AvrBs4 using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of the corresponding genes in Nicotiana benthamiana, followed by microscopic analyses. We showed that, in addition to the nuclear-localized AvrBs3, the effector AvrBs1, which localizes to the plant cell cytoplasm, also induces a morphological change in mesophyll cells. Comparative analyses revealed that avrBs3-expressing plant cells contain highly active nuclei. Furthermore, plant cells expressing avrBs3 or avrBs1 show a decrease in the starch content in chloroplasts and an increased number of vesicles, indicating an enlargement of the central vacuole and the cell wall. Both AvrBs1 and AvrBs3 cause an increased ion efflux when expressed in N. benthamiana. By contrast, expression of the avrBs3 homologue avrBs4 leads to large catalase crystals in peroxisomes, suggesting a possible virulence function of AvrBs4 in the suppression of the plant defence responses. Taken together, our data show that microscopic inspection can uncover subtle and novel virulence activities of type III effector proteins.
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