Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2009
Immunogenicity and antitumor effects of vaccination with peptide vaccine+/-granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor and/or IFN-alpha2b in advanced metastatic melanoma: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Phase II Trial E1696.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00006385 (Phase II Evaluation of Immunization With an HLA-A2 Multi-Epitope Peptide Vaccine Containing MART-1), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase II Evaluation of Immunization With an HLA-A2 Multi-Epitope Peptide Vaccine Containing MART-1 (NSC #672643), gp100 (NSC #683472), and Tyrosinase (NSC #699048) Peptides Alone or in Combination With GM-CSF, IFN Alpha-2b, or GM-CSF + IFN Alpha-2b in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is the "3+3" dose-escalation phase I clinical trial design suitable for therapeutic cancer vaccine development? A recommendation for alternative design.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2014Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic review of medical treatment in melanoma: current status and future prospects.The oncologist · 2011Pooled it
- Immune Correlates of GM-CSF and Melanoma Peptide Vaccination in a Randomized Trial for the Adjuvant Therapy of Resected High-Risk Melanoma (E4697).Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Trial
- Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Trial of Yeast-Derived Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Versus Peptide Vaccination Versus GM-CSF Plus Peptide Vaccination Versus Placebo in Patients With No Evidence of Disease After Complete Surgical Resection of Locally Advanced and/or Stage IV Melanoma: A Trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-American College of Radiology Imaging Network Cancer Research Group (E4697).Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2015Trial
- Long-term clinical outcome of melanoma patients treated with messenger RNA-electroporated dendritic cell therapy following complete resection of metastases.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2015Trial
- The immunological and clinical effects of mutated ras peptide vaccine in combination with IL-2, GM-CSF, or both in patients with solid tumors.Journal of translational medicine · 2014Trial
- A randomized phase II trial of multiepitope vaccination with melanoma peptides for cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells for patients with metastatic melanoma (E1602).Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2013Trial
- Function but not phenotype of melanoma peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells correlate with survival in a multiepitope peptide vaccine trial (ECOG 1696).International journal of cancer · 2012Trial
- Multipeptide immune response to cancer vaccine IMA901 after single-dose cyclophosphamide associates with longer patient survival.Nature medicine · 2012Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of vaccination with MART-1 (26-35, 27L), gp100 (209-217, 210M), and tyrosinase (368-376, 370D) in adjuvant with PF-3512676 and GM-CSF in metastatic melanoma.Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) · 2012Trial
- Induction of CD8+ T-cell responses against novel glioma-associated antigen peptides and clinical activity by vaccinations with {alpha}-type 1 polarized dendritic cells and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized by lysine and carboxymethylcellulose in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2011Trial
- Autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell recognition of autologous proliferating tumor cells in the context of a patient-specific vaccine trial.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology · 2011Trial
- Effect of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor on circulating CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses to a multipeptide melanoma vaccine: outcome of a multicenter randomized trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2009Trial
- Advances in Therapeutic Melanoma Vaccines (2010-2025).Vaccines · 2026Review
- Predicting Durable Anti-tumor Immune Responses after Cancer Vaccines.Journal of cancer immunology · 2026Article
- Shaping Antitumor Immunity with Peptide Vaccines: Implications of Immune Modulation at the Vaccine Site.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Next-generation immunotherapeutic approaches for blood cancers: Exploring the efficacy of CAR-T and cancer vaccines.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Single-cell spatial transcriptomics unravels cell states and ecosystems associated with clinical response to immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Leveraging T cells for cancer immunotherapy.Immunity & inflammation · 2025Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeNo therapy has ever shown prolongation of survival in stage IV metastatic melanoma. The association of cytokine-induced autoimmunity with improved prognosis led us to investigate the effect of multi-epitope melanoma vaccines alone and in combination with cytokines in this Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group multicenter phase II trial. EXPERIMENTAL
designEligible patients were required to have failed prior therapies and to be HLA-A2 positive. Three HLA class I-restricted lineage antigen epitopes were administered in a factorial 2x2 design. Peptide vaccine alone (arm A), or combined with granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; Immunex) 250 microg/d subcutaneously for 14 of 28 days each month (arm B), or combined with IFN-alpha2b (Intron A; Schering-Plough) 10 million units/m2 three times a week (arm C), or combined with both IFN-alpha2b and GM-CSF (arm D). The primary endpoint was immune response measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay; secondary endpoints were clinical antitumor response, disease-free survival, and overall survival.
resultsOne hundred twenty patients enrolled and 115 patients were analyzed. Immune responses to at least one melanoma antigen were observed in 26 of 75 (35%) patients with serial samples. Neither IFN-alpha2b nor GM-CSF significantly improved immune responses. Six objective clinical responses were documented. At a median follow-up of 25.4 months, the median overall survival of patients with vaccine immune response was significantly longer than that of patients with no immune response (21.3 versus 13.4 months; P=0.046).
conclusionImmune response to vaccination correlates with prolonged survival in patients with metastatic melanoma and is not enhanced by immunomodulatory cytokines as tested in this trial.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.