ArticlePloS one2009
Differences in the tumor microenvironment between African-American and European-American breast cancer patients.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 166 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physiological and pathological functions of βB2-crystallins in multiple organs: a systematic review.Aging · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical Outcomes and Immune Markers by Race in a Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Durvalumab Concomitant with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Early-Stage TNBC.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Etiology of gene expression-based subtypes of breast cancer in the Ghana Breast Health Study.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Racial Disparity in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: Risk-Predictive and Actionable Biomarkers for Early Intervention.Cancers · 2026Review
- Targeting Matrix Stiffness and Mechanotransduction in Breast Cancer: Implications for Emerging Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Racial disparity in pro-metastatic tumor microenvironment in treatment naïve breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- MOTLAB: A Weighted Multi-Omics Transfer Learning Approach to Mitigate Breast Cancer Racial Disparities.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Contrastive learning enhances fairness in pathology artificial intelligence systems.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- The Anticancer Effect of Kaempferol Through Downregulation of CDKs and PD-L1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2025Article
- Patient-specific HLA-I subtypes predict response to immune checkpoint blockade.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the role of stromal disruption in aggressive breast cancer etiology and outcomes.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Area deprivation index and breast cancer outcomes among patients in Western New York.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Targeting racial disparities in breast cancer: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential of African medicinal plants.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Integrative spatial omics reveals distinct tumor-promoting multicellular niches and immunosuppressive mechanisms in Black American and White American patients with TNBC.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Quantitative analysis of T cell subsets in a population of Black women with invasive breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Multiplex imaging reveals novel patterns of MRTFA/B activation in the breast cancer microenvironment.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Contribution of Prediagnostic Host Factors to Shaping the Stromal Microenvironment of Breast Cancer among Sub-Saharan African Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Spatial localization of collagen hydroxylated proline site variation as an ancestral trait in the breast cancer microenvironment.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2025Article
- Exploring racial differences in second-harmonic-generation-based prognostic indicators of metastasis in breast and colon cancer.Biophotonics discovery · 2025Article
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAfrican-American breast cancer patients experience higher mortality rates than European-American patients despite having a lower incidence of the disease. We tested the hypothesis that intrinsic differences in the tumor biology may contribute to this cancer health disparity. METHODS AND
resultsUsing laser capture microdissection, we examined genome-wide mRNA expression specific to tumor epithelium and tumor stroma in 18 African-American and 17 European-American patients. Numerous genes were differentially expressed between these two patient groups and a two-gene signature in the tumor epithelium distinguished between them. To identify the biological processes in tumors that are different by race/ethnicity, Gene Ontology and disease association analyses were performed. Several biological processes were identified which may contribute to enhanced disease aggressiveness in African-American patients, including angiogenesis and chemotaxis. African-American tumors also contained a prominent interferon signature. The role of angiogenesis in the tumor biology of African-Americans was further investigated by examining the extent of vascularization and macrophage infiltration in an expanded set of 248 breast tumors. Immunohistochemistry revealed that microvessel density and macrophage infiltration is higher in tumors of African-Americans than in tumors of European-Americans. Lastly, using an in silico approach, we explored the potential of tailored treatment options for African-American patients based on their gene expression profile. This exploratory approach generated lists of therapeutics that may have specific antagonistic activity against tumors of African-American patients, e.g., sirolimus, resveratrol, and chlorpromazine in estrogen receptor-negative tumors.
conclusionsThe gene expression profiles of breast tumors indicate that differences in tumor biology may exist between African-American and European-American patients beyond the knowledge of current markers. Notably, pathways related to tumor angiogenesis and chemotaxis could be functionally different in these two patient groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.