ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2009
Temporal trends of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Spain from 1979 to 2007.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Burden of pneumococcal disease among adults in Southern Europe (Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Pooled it
- Antimicrobial resistance in paediatricThe Lancet. Microbe · 2021Pooled it
- [Consensus guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in the elderly patient].Revista espanola de geriatria y gerontologiaGuideline
- Trial
- Trial
- Lineage Dynamics and Risk Factors Underlying Serotype 4 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Spain.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Association between introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and burden of hospitalized adult pneumococcal disease in Taiwan - a retrospective database study.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Association between introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and burden of hospitalized adult pneumococcal disease in Hong Kong - A retrospective database study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Corticosteroid and antimicrobial therapy in macrolide-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia porcine model.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2025Article
- The evolution of antibiotic resistance in Europe, 1998-2019.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and Impact of Anti-Pneumococcal Vaccination and COVID-19 on Resistance ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impact of the progressive uptake of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Gipuzkoa, northern Spain, 1998-2022.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Penicillin- and Cephalosporin-Resistant Pneumococcal Meningitis: Treatment in the Real World and in Guidelines.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Observational
- Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates among Croatian adults during a fifteen-year period (2005-2019).Croatian medical journal · 2022Article
- Integrated bioinformatics based subtractive genomics approach to decipher the therapeutic function of hypothetical proteins from Salmonella typhi XDR H-58 strain.Biotechnology letters · 2022Article
- Subtractive genomics profiling for potential drug targets identification against Moraxella catarrhalis.PloS one · 2022Article
- Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of the antimicrobial therapy of pneumococcal invasive disease in adults in post-PCV13 vaccine period in Madrid, Spain.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2021Article
- Comparative Metabolic Pathways Analysis and Subtractive Genomics Profiling to Prioritize Potential Drug Targets AgainstFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Host- and Pathogen-Related Factors for Acute Cardiac Events in Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines introduction on antibiotic resistance ofEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2018Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Temporal trends of serotypes from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Spain from 1979 to September 2007 under antibiotic and vaccine pressure were analyzed. A significant trend in pneumococcal conjugate 7-valent vaccine (PCV7) serotypes (except serotype 4) was found, whereby the prevalence increased from the early 1980s and decreased in the 2000s for all but serotype 23F, which began decreasing in the late 1980s. Among the major non-PCV7 serotypes, a significant decrease was observed for serotypes 1, 5, and 7F in the 1980s. From the late 1990s, serotypes 1, 5, 6A, 7F, and 19A increased significantly, while serotypes 3 and 8 showed similar but nonsignificant trends over time. The incidence of IPD cases was 10.7/100,000 for the period 1996 to 2006, with reporting coverage ranging from 18% to 43%. A significant decrease in IPD incidence due to PCV7 serotypes was observed, while the incidence of non-PCV7 serotypes increased, with the consequence that there was no clear pattern in the overall incidence of IPD. Penicillin nonsusceptibility was correlated with the proportion of PCV7 serotypes. Erythromycin nonsusceptibility increased in association with long-half-life macrolide consumption and then decreased in 2004 to 2007. The increase in PCV7 serotypes and antibiotic nonsusceptibility related to antibiotic consumption in the 1980s and 1990s was reversed in the 2000s, probably as a result of PCV7 immunization. The decrease in IPD incidence due to PCV7 serotypes was mirrored by an increase in that of non-PCV7 serotypes. The impact of various preventive/therapeutic strategies on pneumococcal evolution is serotype dependent, and the dynamics remain unpredictable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.