Trial reportChest2009
A pilot study to examine the effects of smoking cessation on serum markers of inflammation in women at risk for cardiovascular disease.
Trial report in Chest, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Smoking and increased Alzheimer's disease risk: a review of potential mechanisms.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2014Pooled it
- Smoking cessation program with exercise improves cardiovascular disease biomarkers in sedentary women.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2011Trial
- A Narrative Review of the Potential Impact of Next-Generation Tobacco and Nicotine Products on Cardiovascular Health.Cureus · 2026Review
- Review
- The brain structure underlying the nonlinear association between early-life tobacco smoke exposure and the risk for cognitive decline and dementia in adulthood: a large prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Effect of heavy cigarette and water pipe smoking on antioxidants and lipids in Sudanese male smokers: a case-control study.African health sciences · 2022Article
- The influence of inflammation on cardiovascular disease in women.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Review
- Smoking cessation reduces systemic inflammation and circulating endothelin-1.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress among Adult Former Smoker, Current E-Cigarette Users-Results from Wave 1 PATH Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
- The Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 mRNA in PBMCs Is Upregulated in Smokers and Decreases Upon Smoking Cessation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2020Article
- Trends and correlates of self-reported alcohol and nicotine use among women before and during pregnancy, 2009-2017.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Systemic Factors Related to Intraocular Levels of Interleukin-6 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Diabetic Retinopathy.Journal of ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Clinical factors that influence the cellular responses of saphenous veins used for arterial bypass.Journal of vascular surgery · 2018Observational
- Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders.Clinical psychology review · 2018Review
- Effect of Tobacco Smoking Cessation on C-Reactive Protein Levels in A Cohort of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening Participants.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Association Between Smoking and Serum GlycA and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Article
- Associations of Cigarette Smoking With Subclinical Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: ELSA-Brasil (The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health).Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Article
- Relationship of cigarette smoking with inflammation and subclinical vascular disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe links among smoking, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well established. Several studies have demonstrated that quitting smoking reverses the risk of coronary heart disease within 5 to 10 years. However, the immediate effects of quitting smoking on inflammatory biomarkers associated with CVD risk have not been well described.
methodsIn this pilot study, we examined a panel of circulating inflammatory biomarkers associated with CVD in "at-risk" women during the smoking cessation program. Forty-six women enrolled in a smoking cessation program consented to attend four study visits over 6 to 7 weeks. Health/medical information and blood were collected at each visit. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR)-I, sTNFR-II, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1 were measured, and changes between baseline levels (visit 1, while smoking) and visits 2 through 4 were determined.
resultsSignificant reductions in circulating levels of TNF, sTNFR-I, sTNFR-II, and sVCAM-1 were observed among participants over the course of the smoking cessation program. Serum levels of both IL-6 and CRP declined during the smoking cessation program; the changes were not statistically significant, however.
conclusionsThese findings suggest there are rapid consequences of smoking cessation on inflammatory biomarkers in women at risk for CVD. Additional, larger studies including diverse smokers desiring to quit are required to confirm changes in "measurable milestones" that could serve as motivating factors to assist smokers to quit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.