Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19224344›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutical research2009

Physicochemical and immunological characterization of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan-coated whole inactivated influenza virus vaccine for intranasal administration.

Niels Hagenaars, Enrico Mastrobattista, Rolf J Verheul, Imke Mooren, Harrie L Glansbeek, Jacco G M Heldens, Han van den Bosch, Wim Jiskoot

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Against Viral Infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021
    Review
  3. The construction ofActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2020
    Article
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  5. Preparation, characterization andAsian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2019
    Article
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  7. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Niels HagenaarsDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Enrico Mastrobattista
Rolf J Verheul
Imke Mooren
Harrie L Glansbeek
Jacco G M Heldens
Han van den Bosch
Wim Jiskoot
Utrecht University · NLCentre for Human Drug Research · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe purpose of this study was the development and physicochemical and immunological characterization of intranasal (i.n.) vaccine formulations of whole inactivated influenza virus (WIV) coated with N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC).

methodsSynthesized TMCs with a degree of quarternization of 15% (TMC15) or 37% (TMC37) were tested in vitro for their ability to decrease the transepithelial resistance (TEER) of an epithelial cell monolayer. TMC15- and TMC37-coated WIV (TMC15-WIV and TMC37-WIV) were characterized by zeta potential measurements, dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Mice were vaccinated i.n. with selected vaccine formulations and immunogenicity was determined by measuring serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and serum IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a/c titers. Also a pulse-chase study with TMCs in solution administered i.n. 2 h prior to WIV was performed. Protective efficacy of vaccination was determined by an aerosol virus challenge.

resultsTMC37 induced a reversible decrease in TEER, suggesting the opening of tight junctions, whereas TMC15 did not affect TEER. Simple mixing of (negatively charged) WIV with TMC15 or TMC37 resulted in positively charged particles with TMCs being partially bound. Intranasal immunization with TMC37-WIV or TMC15-WIV induced stronger HI, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a/c titers than WIV alone. TMC37-WIV induced the highest immune responses. Both TMC15-WIV and TMC37-WIV provided protection against challenge, whereas WIV alone was not protective. Intranasal administration of TMC prior to WIV did not result in significant immune responses, indicating that the immunostimulatory effect of TMC is primarily based on improved i.n. delivery of WIV.

conclusionsCoating of WIV with TMC is a simple procedure to improve the delivery and immunogenicity of i.n. administered WIV and may enable effective i.n. vaccination against influenza.

Indexed as

Administration, IntranasalAlphainfluenzavirusAnimalsCaco-2 CellsCell SurvivalChitosanElectric ImpedanceFemaleHumansImmunizationInfluenza VaccinesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLParticle SizeChitosanInfluenza VaccinesN-trimethyl chitosan chloride

Identifiers

PMID19224344
OpenAlexW2062653165

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.